3S [LAB]: Rapid Tests pt. 1

Question 1

Inflammation of the liver that is caused by a variety of agents including viruses

Answer 1

Hepatitis

Question 2

Hepatitis virus:

Epidemic hepatitis; infectious hepatitis

Answer 2

Hepatitis A

Question 3

Incubation time of hepatitis A

Answer 3

28 days

Question 4

Hepatitis virus:

Serum hepatitis

Answer 4

Hepatitis B

Question 5

Complete viral particle of hepatitis B virus

Answer 5

Dane particle

Question 6

Hepatitis virus:

Transfusion-related hepatitis

Answer 6

Hepatitis C

Question 7

First antigen to be detected in hepatitis B infection

Answer 7

HbsAg

Question 8

Hallmark of infection of hepatitis B

Answer 8

HbsAg

Question 9

HepB:

Positive in the early phase of acute infection and persists in chronic infection

Answer 9

HbsAg

Question 10

HepB:

IgM subclass of anti-HBc and observed during acute infection

Answer 10

Anti-HBc IgM

Question 11

HepB:

Might become positive during severe exacerbation of chronic infection

Answer 11

Anti-HBc IgM

Question 12

HepB:

Develops around 3 months after infection

Answer 12

Anti-HBc total

Question 13

HepB:

Viral protein usually associated with high viral load and high infectivity

Answer 13

HBeAg

Question 14

HepB:

Neutralizing antibody that confers protection from infection

Answer 14

Anti-HBs

Question 15

T/F: The detection of anti-HCV confers immunity to the hepatitis virus

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Confirmation test after a positive anti-HCV result

Answer 16

NAT

Question 17

An alternative approach to diagnose the viremic infection of hepatitis

Answer 17

Detection of HCV core (p22 antigen)

Question 18

Formerly known as lymphoadenopathy associated virus

Answer 18

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 19

Most prevalent group of HIV1

Answer 19

M

Question 20

Subgroup of HIV1-B that is transmitted through anal sex

Answer 20

B

Question 21

Subgroup of HIV1-B that is transmitted through vaginal sex

Answer 21

E

Question 22

HIV strain prevalent in West Africa

Answer 22

HIV2

Question 23

Major target cell of HIV

Answer 23

CD4+ Th cells

Question 24

HIV co-receptor that mediates the entry of T-cell tropic strains

Answer 24

CXCR4

Question 25

HIV co-receptor that helps in entering macrophages or M-tropic viral strains

Answer 25

CCR5

Question 26

In HIV cases, the CD4 count is at __

Answer 26

<200 uL

Question 27

In HIV cases, the CD4 to CD8 ratio is at ___

Answer 27

0.5:1

Question 28

HIV confirmatory test used in the Philippines

Answer 28

Western blot

Question 29

Markers of HIV1: (+) 10 days after infection

Answer 29

HIV RNA

Question 30

Markers of HIV1: (+) 4-10 days after HIV RNA detection

Answer 30

p24

Question 31

Markers of HIV1: Persists (+) 18-38 days after HIV RNA detection

Answer 31

Anti-HIV IgG

Question 32

In western blot for HIV, at least two of these bands should be positive

Answer 32

Either p31 or p24 and gp160 or gp120

Question 33

Band in HIV western blot: Viral envelope precursor (env)

Answer 33

gp160

Question 34

Band in HIV western blot: Viral envelop protein binds to CD4 (env)

Answer 34

gp120

Question 35

Band in HIV western blot: Viral core protein (gag)

Answer 35

p24

Question 36

Band in HIV western blot: Reverse transcriptase (pol)

Answer 36

p31

Question 37

In the case of indeterminate HIV screening, which test is performed?

Answer 37

NAT

Question 38

Most virulent Plasmodium species

Answer 38

P. falciparum

Question 39

Most widespread Plasmodium species

Answer 39

P. vivax

Question 40

Plasmodium species that may cause nephrotic syndrome

Answer 40

P. malariae

Question 41

Plasmodium species that causes cerebral malaria and blackwater fever

Answer 41

P. falciparum

Question 42

Gold standard for Plasmodium infection

Answer 42

Microscopy (thick and thin blood smear)

Question 43

Specific antigen for P. falciparum diagnosis

Answer 43

Histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP-2)

Question 44

Antigen for non-falciparum diagnosis

Answer 44

Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH)

Question 45

1st enzyme seen in Plasmodium species

Answer 45

Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH)

Question 46

Enzyme present in all malarial parasite

Answer 46

Aldolase

Question 47

Most specific and sensitive confirmatory test for H. pylori infection

Answer 47

Culture of biopsy sample