S2 [LEC]: Cytokines Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
T/F: Non-immune cells may also secrete cytokines
A
True
2
Q
T/F: IL-1 induces inflammation
A
True
3
Q
These are proteins that function as chemical messengers needed by the immune system
A
Cytokines
4
Q
IL-2 is primarily produced by which immune cell?
A
T-cell
5
Q
T/F: Overexpression of IL-2 can lead to inflammatory bowel disease
A
True
6
Q
Group of proteins made by the immune system that act as chemical messengers
A
Cytokines
7
Q
Regulate the immune system, orchestrating both innate and acquired immunity, induction of the inflammatory response, the regulation of hematopoiesis, and wound healing
A
Cytokines
8
Q
Cytokines are primarily produced by ___
A
Immune cells
9
Q
Fever-inducing cytokine
A
IL-1
10
Q
Cytokine that targets the hypothalamus to control temperature
A
IL-1
11
Q
TNF and IL-1 are secreted by the ___
A
Macrophages
12
Q
Cytokine considered as endogenous pyrogen
A
IL-1
13
Q
Recruits immune cells towards the site of injury
A
Chemokines
14
Q
Involves a series of molecular events that would happen inside the cell, which may involve phosphorylation or activation of the cell
A
Signal-transduction
15
Q
T/F: Signal-transduction also alters the gene expression in the target cells
A
True
16
Q
T/F: Cytokines may also affect its own cell
A
True
17
Q
What immune cells would usually have PRRs?
A
Macrophages
18
Q
Complement protein most dominant as a systemic effect of macrophage activation
A
C’3
19
Q
Cytokine type that prevents viral replication
A
Interferons
20
Q
T/F: Cytokines also influence tissue repair and wound healing
A
True
21
Q
An anti-inflammatory cytokine that prevents growth of tumor
A
Transforming growth factor (TGF)
22
Q
Action of cytokine that affects itself
A
Autocrine
23
Q
Action of cytokine that affects cells remote from the secreting cell
A
Endocrine
24
Q
Action of cytokine that affects cells in the immediate vicinity
A
Paracrine
25
T/F: IL1B can have autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine actions
True
26
Autocrine action of IL1B
Increased APC
27
Paracrine action of IL1B
Affect T-helper cell
28
Endocrine action of IL1B
Fever induction, stimulate liver cells
29
Aside from IL4, which cytokines affect T helper cells?
IL7
30
Phenomenon of different actions produced by same cytokine on different targets
Pleiotropic
31
Cytokines that have the same effect
Redundancy
32
IL2, IL4, IL5 exhibits which property?
Redundancy
33
Occurs when the combined effect of two cytokines on cellular activity is greater than the additive effects of individual cytokines
Synergism
34
Occurs when one cytokine inhibit or offset the effects of another cytokine
Antagonism
35
IL4 affecting B cell, thymocytes, and mast cells exhibit what property?
Pleiotropy
36
The action of IL4 and IL5 in activated T helper cell to produce a greater effect on B cell exhibits what property?
Synergism
37
Cytokine that targets the B cell to promote class switching
IL4
38
Cytokine that antagonizes class switching, blocking the action of IL4
Interferon gamma (IFN-Y)
39
A property where the cytokine by a specific type of cell can activate target cells to produce additional cytokine
Cascade effect
40
Activated T helper cells would produce which cytokine that will activate macrophages?
IFN-Y
41
Macrophages, after being activated by the IFN-Y, will produce which cytokine?
IL12
42
Cell that will be affected by the IL12
Activated T helper cell
43
Hyperstimulation of immune response that is caused by severe viral infection and produces collateral damage to host cells
Cytokine storm/ Hypercytokinemia
44
Cytokine that act as mediators between leukocytes
Interleukins
45
Cytokine that supports the growth of blood cells
Colony stimulating factors
46
Identify whether proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory:
TNF-a
Proinflammatory
47
Identify whether proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory:
IL1
Proinflammatory
48
Identify whether proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory:
IL6
Proinflammatory
49
Identify whether proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory:
IFN-Y
Proinflammatory
50
Identify whether proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory:
TGF-B
Anti-inflammatory
51
Identify whether proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory:
IL10
Anti-inflammatory
52
Identify whether proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory:
IL13
Anti-inflammatory
53
Identify whether proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory:
IL35
Anti-inflammatory
54
LPS or microbial pathogens is the primary trigger of which cytokine?
IL1, IL6, TFN-y
55
If the macrophage is activated by IL1, which cytokine will also be produced?
IL6
56
APRs, specifically CRP is activated by which cytokine?
IL6
57
IL1 type that remains within the cell
IL1 alpha
58
IL1 type that is responsible for most of the systemic activity
IL1 beta
59
When is IL1 alpha released in the macrophage or monocyte?
After cell death
60
The more functional IL1 type
IL1 beta
61
IL1 antagonist produced by monocyte and macrophages which blocks the IL1 receptor and is activated when the immune response is no longer needed
IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA)
62
Cytokine triggered by the LPS present in Gram-negative bacteria
TNF-a
63
Cytokine that activates T cells, inducing MHC class II expression, vascular adhesion molecules, and chemokines
TNF-a
64
Over-secretion of TNF-a can lead to ___
Septic shock
65
Old name of TNF-a, as it induces muscle wasting
Cachectin
66
TNF regulator that is the primary mediator of TNF-a transduction in most cell types
TNFR1
67
TNF regulator that is activated by the membrane bound form of TNF-a
TNFR2
68
Primary trigger of TNF-a
LPS
69
Cytokine that is a part of cytokine cascade and released in response to LPS and plays an important role in acute phase reactions
IL6
70
IL6 is triggered by which cytokine?
IL1
71
Cytokine that stimulates B cell proliferation and differentiation
IL6
72
Cytokine that induces CD4+ T cells to produce both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines
IL6
73
Binds the IL6 to IL6R and utilizes phosphorylation for binding
gp130
74
Promotes motility and migration of many WBCs
Chemokines
75
Cytokines that can induce chemokine production
TNF-a and IL6
76
Stimulates trans-endothelial leukocyte movement
Chemokines
77
Chemokine that induces chronic inflammation
CCL2 or MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1)
78
Type of inflammation when mononuclear cells are predominant
Chronic inflammation
79
Type of inflammation when neutrophils are predominant
Acute inflammation
80
Chemokine that recruits macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils
CCL3 or Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1-alpha
81
Chemokine that recruits NK cells and monocytes
CCL4 or Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta
82
Chemokine that attracts neutrophils during acute inflammation and monocyte activation
IL8 or CXCL8
83
The adhesion receptor chemokine
CX3
84
Two chemokine co-receptors of HIV
CXCR4 and CCR5
85
Cytokine that inhibits the production of IL12 and INF-Y
TGF-B
86
Cytokine that primarily regulates cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and inflammatory response
TGF-B
87
Cytokine that is primarily discovered to induce growth arrest in tumor cells
TGF-B
88
A potent inhibitor of IL1 induced T cell proliferation
TGF-B
89
IFN-a and IFN-B are Type __ interferons
Type I
90
Cytokines that activate NK cells to kill tumor cells
IFN-a and IFN-B
91
Cytokines that are antiviral, immunomodulators, and anti-neoplastic
IFN-a and IFN-B
92
Cytokine used to treat multiple sclerosis
IFN-B
93
Cytokine used to treat Kaposi's sarcoma
IFN-a
94
Cytokine important in growth and proliferation of T cell
IL2
95
Cytokine responsible for the stimulation of B cells to switch to IgE production
IL4
96
Cytokine responsible for eosinophil generation and activation
IL5
97
Cytokine that suppresses Th2 cells and inhibits antigen presentation
IL10
98
Cytokine that activates macrophages, increases class I and II MHC molecules, and increases antigen presentation
IFN-Y
99
Cytokines present in Th1 cells
IFN-Y, TNF-B
100
Cytokines present in Th2
IL4, IL5, IL13
101
Cytokines present in Th17
IL17, IL22
102
Cytokines present in Treg
TGFB, IL10
103
T helper cell that targets intracellular pathogens
Th1
104
T helper cells that targets bacterial/ fungal infection
Th17
105
T helper cells that downregulates immune response
Treg
106
T helper cells that is associated with autoimmune disorders
Th17
107
T helper cells that targets extracellular pathogens
Th2
108
Inhibitor of IL1
TGF-B
109
The cytokine that is indicative of Th1 cell
IFN-Y
110
Cytokine that inhibits Th2 cell proliferation
IFN-Y
111
Cytokine that promotes IgG subclass switching in B cells
IFN-Y
112
Cytokine that is antagonistic to IL4
IFN-Y
113
Cytokine considered as the T-cell growth factor
IL2
114
Cytokine that promotes active proliferation of Th2 cells and aids in generating IgG1 and IgE producing cells
IL2
115
Costimulatory molecule of IL4 to produce MHC1, IL4, IL5, IL13
CD80 and CD86
116
Signature cytokines of Th2
IL4
117
Cytokine that inhibits IFN-Y and antigen presentation
IL10
118
Cytokine present in Treg that induces expression of Foxp3
TGF-B
119
Cytokine important in bacterial and fungal infections in mucosal surfaces
IL17
120
Multilineage CSF, targeting BM stem cells to form T and B cells
IL3
121
Erythropoietin is produced in what organ?
Kidneys
122
Cytokine needed to make BM stem cells responsive to other CSFs
Stem cell factor (c-kit ligand)
123
Cytokine that stimulates the formation of colonies of cells in the bone marrow
Colony stimulating factors
124
Activation of this CSF leads to cells to become macrophages
M-CSF
125
Under-expression of IL1 receptor antagonist causes which disorder?
Arthritis
126
Under-expression of which cytokine can result to SLE?
TNF-a, TGF-B receptor
127
Over-expression of which cytokine can result to SLE?
TGF-B
128
Medication used for Crohn's disease
Infliximab
129
Medication used for rheumatoid arthritis that blocks IL17 antibodies
Ixekizumab
130
T/F: IL10 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine
False
131
T/F: The activity of both IL4 and IL5 to a B-cell is a good example of antagonism
False
132
Under-expression of TNF-a is usually associated with which autoimmune disease?
SLE
133
T/F: IL4 can activate the proliferation of numerous immune cells
False
