Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MT6326 > 2S [LEC]: Transplantation > Flashcards

2S [LEC]: Transplantation Flashcards

1
Q

Transfer of cells, tissue, or organs from one part of the body or from one individual to another

A

Transplantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The material to be transferred

A

Graft/ transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A lifesaving treatment for end-stage organ failure, cancers, autoimmune disorders, and other disease

A

Transplantation (grafting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The most important antigen causing graft rejection

A

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The MHC is located on what chromosome?

A

Chromosome 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most important Class I MHC

A

HLA-A and HLA-B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Proteins that is involved in gamma or delta T-cell responses

A

MHC Class I-related Chain A (MICA) Antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: MICA antigens are expressed on all nucleated cells, T cells, and B cells

A

False (MICA is only expressed on nucleated cells, not on T or B cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Target for allograft immune response

A

MHC Class I-related Chain A (MICA) Antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Incompatibility leads to hyperacute graft rejection

A

ABO blood group antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Important barrier to solid organ transplants

A

ABO blood group antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cell surface molecules that regulate NK cells

A

Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIRs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MHC class associated with Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIRs)

A

MHC Class I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Humoral IR targeting self antigens that can lead to poor transplant outcomes

A

Self antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transplantation that elicit no immune response and has the highest chance of graft survival

A

Autograft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transplantation that occurs between two different but identical individuals, like in the case of identical twins

A

Isograft or Syngraft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Transplantation that occurs from one person to another, or of the same species

A

Allograft/ Homograft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Transplantation where the graft is coming from an animal or a different species

A

Xenograft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Graft transplanted from one place on the donor to the same place on the recipient

A

Orthotopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Graft transplanted from one place on the donor to a different site on the recipient

A

Heterotopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Graft property wherein the growth of the transplanted graft does not occur

A

Homostatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Graft property wherein tissue growth after transplantation takes place

A

Homovital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Heart donation has a high chance of survival and is transplanted within how many hours?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Most immunogenic organ/tissue

A

Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Least immunogenic organ/tissue
Cornea
26
Organs that have lower chances of being associated with GVHD
Kidney and Liver
27
Mechanism of graft rejection which causes thrombotic occlusion and preformed antibodies are involved, binding to donor blood vessels
Hyperacute rejection
28
Mechanism of graft rejection which causes damage of blood vessels of parenchyma
Acute cellular rejection
29
Primary cell involved in acute cellular rejection
Cytotoxic T cell
30
The dominant lesion present in chronic rejection
Arterial occlusion
31
Identify the type of graft rejection based on the mechanism: Preformed antibodies to ABO, HLA, and certain endothelial antigens bind to donor vascular endothelium, activating complement and clotting factors
Hyperacute
32
Identify the type of graft rejection based on the mechanism: Leads to thrombus formation, ischemia, and necrosis of transplanted tissue
Hyperacute
33
Identify the type of graft rejection based on the mechanism: Same as for hyperacute rejection, but takes days instead of minutes to hours due to very low levels of donor-specific antibodies
Accelerated
34
Identify the type of graft rejection based on the mechanism: Cell-mediated response to foreign MHC-expressing cells, where CD4+ T cells produce cytokines and induce delayed type hypersenstivity
Acute
35
Identify the type of graft rejection based on the mechanism: Antibodies produced against HLA antigens bind to vessel walls, activate complement, and induce transmural necrosis and inflammation
Acute
36
Identify the type of graft rejection based on the mechanism: Delayed type hypersensitivity response, and possibly antibodies, to foreign HLA antigens on graft
Chronic
37
Identify the type of graft rejection based on the mechanism: Graft arteriosclerosis and smooth muscle proliferation occur, resulting in fibrosis, scarring, and narrowing of vessel lumen
Chronic
38
Identify the type of graft rejection: Occurs within 100 days or more
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
39
Identify the type of graft rejection based on the mechanism: T cells in HSC, lung, or liver transplants react against foreign HLA proteins in the recipient's cells, causing massive cytokine release, inflammation, and tissue destruction in various locations throughout the body
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
40
Oldest form of transplantation
Blood transfusion
41
Allogeneic response seen in HSC transplants
GVHD
42
Type of GVHD that causes epithelial cell death in the skin, intestinal tract, and live, and may be fatal
Acute GVHD
43
Type of GVHD that causes fibrosis and atrophy of one or more of these same target organs as well as the lungs and may also be fatal
Chronic GVHD
44
The prevent and manage GVHD, what is done to patients in the early post transplant period?
Immunosuppressive therapy
45
Which immune cells are primarily removed in immunosuppressive therapy?
T cells
46
Ultimate goal of organ transplantation
Graft acceptance
47
T/F: Solid organs for transplant can come from both living and deceased donors
True
48
Organ transplant where a larger number of matched MHC alleles has a better graft survival
Kidney transplant
49
Main stay in prevention and treatment of graft rejection
Immunosuppression
50
Identify the immunosuppressant class: Potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent, but prolonged use increases the chances of developing diabetes mellitus and hypertension
Corticosteroids
51
Identify the immunosuppressant class: Blocks the production of cytokines and may act as chemoattractant
Corticosteroids
52
Identify the immunosuppressant: 1st agent approved; interferes with lymphocyte maturation and kill proliferating cells
Azathioprine (antimetabolite)
53
Identify the immunosuppressant: Blocks signal transduction in T cells, leading to impaired synthesis of cytokines
Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus (Calcineurin inhibitors)
54
Identify the immunosuppressant class: Blocks the activation of NFAT transcription factor
Calcineurin inhibitors
55
Identify the immunosuppressant: Inhibits T-cell proliferation by binding to specific intracellular proteins
Rapamycin (Sirolimus) (Calcineurin inhibitors)
56
Identify the immunosuppressant class: Binds to cell surface molecules; used at the time of transplantation and for treatment of severe rejection episodes after transplantation
Monoclonal antibodies
57
Identify the immunosuppressant: Binds to CD25 (IL2 receptor)
Basiliximab (Monoclonal antibody)
58
Identify the immunosuppressant: Binds to CD52 receptor; for induction therapy during transplantation
Alemtuzumab (Monoclonal antibody)
59
Identify the immunosuppressant class: Depletes lymphocytes from circulation
Polyclonal antibodies
60
Identify the immunosuppressant: Antithymocyte Ab prepared from rabbits
Thymoglobulin (Polyclonal antibody)
61
Identify the immunosuppressant: Polyclonal antiserum prepared from immunized horses
ATGAM (Anti-thymocyte Globulin [Equine])
62
Identify the immunosuppressant class: Prevents the delivery of costimulatory signals required for activation of T cells, reducing acute graft rejection
Costimulatory blockade
63
Identify the immunosuppressant: Binds to B7 molecules on APCs and prevents them from interacting with T cell CD28
CTLA4Ig (Belatacept) (Costimulatory blockade)
64
Phenotypic or genotypic identification of the HLA antigens or genes in a transplant candidate or donor
HLA typing
65
Principle of HLA phenotyping
Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)
66
PCR-based amplification of HLA genes followed by analysis of the amplified DNA to identify the specific HLA allele or allele group
HLA genotyping
67
The gold standard for HLA genotyping
PCR-SBT (Polymerase Chain Reaction with Sequence-Based Typing)
68
The only technique that directly detects the nucleotide sequence of an allele
PCR-SBT (Polymerase Chain Reaction with Sequence-Based Typing)
69
Used as a predictive test for T-cell mediated rejection
Mixed lymphocyte reaction
70
An HLA mismatch will have what result in the mixed lymphocyte reaction?
Positive
71
This method checks the immunological incompatibility of the donor and recipient before transplantations using thymidine as an indicator or label
Mixed lymphocyte culture

MT6326 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions