Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

0V015 Biology & Pathology > Pathology Of The Eye L09 > Flashcards

Pathology Of The Eye L09 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of inflammation?

A 
Infection
Hypersensitivity
Autoimmunity
Trauma ( including iatrogenic)
Chemical/Toxic
Radiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Iatrogenic

A

Resulting from treatment from a physician

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four kinds of inflammatory mediators?

A

Vasoactive amines
Plasma proteases
Arachidonic acid metabolites ( eicosanoids)
Cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are examples of vasoactive amines?

A

Histamines, Serotonins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are examples of plasma proteases?

A

Complement, Kinins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three outcomes of acute inflammation?

A

Complete resolution
Scar tissue
Progresses to chronic inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some examples of ocular response to inflammation?

A 
Redness (Rubor)
Oedema ( swelling)
Exudate 
Discharge 
Cellular infiltration
Development of papillae ( small bumps under eyelid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is exudate?

A

a mass of cells and fluid that has seeped out of blood vessels which is rich in protein and inflammatory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three types of discharge?

A

Serous
Mucopurulent
Purulent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does it mean to be serous?

A

A clear yellowish liquid which is protein-rich

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does Mucopurulent refer to?

A

Discharge containing mucus and pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does purulent refer to?

A

Discharge containing pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In acute inflammation what does cellular filtrate consist of?

A

Neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In chronic inflammation what does cellular filtrate consist of ?

A

Lymphocytes & Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give some examples of autoimmunity diseases of the eye

A

Moorens ulcer

Sympathetic Opthalmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is autoimmunity?

A

Represents immune attack of normal body tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the mechanism of an autoimmune disease?

A

Autoreactive T helper cells are often responsible for initiating tissue damage as a result of producing cytokines.

Autoreactive cytotoxic T cells can also cause tissue damage.

Autoantibodies cause tissue damage via a type II mechanism

18
Q

What can be the cause of infection of the cornea?

A 
Bacteria 
HSV ( Herpes Simplex Virus)
VSZ ( Varicella Zoster Virus)
Protozoa 
Fungi
19
Q

What can be the cause of infection of the uvea?

A

Bacteria
CMV ( Cytomegalovirus)
VSZ ( Varicella Zoster Virus)
Protozoa

20
Q

What can be the cause of infection of the lids and conjunctiva?

A 
Bacteria 
Chlamydia 
Adenovirus 
HSV ( Herpes Simplex Virus)
VSZ ( Varicella Zoster Virus)
21
Q

What can be the cause of endophthalmitis?

A

Bacteria

Fungi

22
Q

What can be the cause of infection of the orbital region?

A

Bacteria

23
Q

What is endophthalmitis?

A

Infection of the whole eye

24
Q

What risk factors make people more susceptible to ocular disease?

A

Immune status i.e. if they are immunocompromised
Ocular morbidity i.e. if they have any eye diseases already
Contact lenses

25
Q

What comes under the term peri-ocular?

A

Eyelids
Conjunctiva
Lacrimal System

26
Q

Define cellulitis

A

infection of deeper layers of the skin

27
Q

What region is pre-septal?

A

Anything in front of the orbital septum

28
Q

What region is defined as orbital?

A

Anything behind the orbital septum

29
Q

Why are orbital diseases potentially life-threatening?

A

Because of the eye’s link with the brain via the optic nerve which makes the spread of disease particularly dangerous

30
Q

What is an example of a peri-ocular disease?

A

A stye ( External Hordoleum)

31
Q

What is a stye?

A

A stye ( External Hordoleum) is an infection of a ciliary sebaceous gland

32
Q

What is the typical cause of a stye?

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

33
Q

How can styes be treated?

A

Topical antibiotics

34
Q

How can we identify between a pre-septal and orbital infection?

A

By using a CT scan

35
Q

How do we tpically treat pre-septal infections?

A

Antibiotics if bacterially caused

36
Q

How do we typically treat orbital cellulitis?

A

Antibiotics and/or Surgery

37
Q

How can conjunctivitis be caused?

A

Virally
Bacterial
Chlamydial

38
Q

If the conjunctivitus is viral how may it be treated?

A

Supportive care no drugs

39
Q

What are the causes of keratitis?

A

Bacterial
Viral
Fungal
Protozoal

40
Q

Define idiopathic

A

No known cause

41
Q

What is the cause of anterior uveitis?

A

HSV

VSZ

42
Q

What is the cause of Posterior Uveitis?

A

Toxoplasmosis - protozoa
Toxocara - worm infection
Syphillis - bacterial
CMV - viral

0V015 Biology & Pathology (57 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions