addiction

Question 1

addiction

Answer 1

-mental health disorder defined by compulsive drug seeking or behaviours
-can include physical and psychological dependence

Question 2

physical dependence

Answer 2

-over time body physically adapts to presence of subtlstance
-results in tolerance
-if stio taking then unpleasant withdrawal syndrome

Question 3

psychological dependence

Answer 3

-mental compulsion to carry out addictive behaviour
-individual believes they need to take substance
-absence results in psychological effects such as anxiety

Question 4

tolerance

Answer 4

-state of adaptation in which exposure to drug causes physical changes tbat results in reduction of drugs effects over time
-need increased amount to achieve same desired effect

Question 5

withdrawal symptom

Answer 5

-set of unpleasant symptoms when stop taking suddenly
-range from mild to severe eg seizures
-commonly sweating nausea and psychological symptoms such as anxiety or hallucinations

Question 6

risk factors

Answer 6

-genetic vulnerability
-stress
-personality
-family influences
-peers

Question 7

genetic vulnerability

Answer 7

-genes alone csnt explainations addiction as must be exposure to activity
-however genes can make individuals more or less suseprible to effect of drugs which influence addiction

Question 8

genes implicated

Answer 8

-low numbers of D2 dopamine reception linked to addictive behaviour
-suggests reward system addicts function differently

Question 9

Asian people and alcohol

Answer 9

-adodcition more or less likely due to how body processes drug
-50% asian people feel unwell when drinking, less likely develop addiction

Question 10

stress

Answer 10

-addictive drugs function bg temporarily improving mood, higher levels stress more likely depend of drug for temporary relief

Question 11

diathesis stress model

Answer 11

-extremely early life stress such as abuse influence brain development producing diathesis (vulnerability)
-making kayer addiction more likely as way go cope with later life (stressors)

Question 12

personality

Answer 12

EYSNCK
-suggests individuals who neurotic and psychotic more likely form addictions

Question 13

neurotic personality

Answer 13

-highly anxious and easy to upset

Question 14

psychotic

Answer 14

-often impulsive and emotionally cold

Question 15

family influences

Answer 15

-family’s attitude towards using addictive substance linked to likelihood child using the substance
-eg if parents use tabacco, child likely
-social learning

Question 16

peers

Answer 16

-addictive substances may be encouraged by peers
-conformity dhe to compliance or identificstion eith group

Question 17

limitations genetic vulnerability

Answer 17

-biologically reductionist, must be some interaction eith environment
-concordance rated never 100% suggesting much be some influence environment

Question 18

strength genetic vulnerability

Answer 18

-twin, family and adoption studies indicate higher risk addiction if close family member has addiction

Question 19

strength stress

Answer 19

-many addictive drugs do result in temporary reduction anxiety, some illegal drugs prescribed as anti anxiety medication suggesting people try self medicated but become addicted

Question 20

limitation stress

Answer 20

-stress may be correlated with addiction dhe to stress caused by addiction such a finances and family

Question 22

personality limitation

Answer 22

-addictive personality is a myth many people with personalities linked to addiction not addicts

Question 23

personality strength

Answer 23

-certain personality factors such as risk taking clearly make someone more likely to try addictive substances

Question 24

family influences limitation

Answer 24

-interaction between family genetics and social factors wilithin families that love together dofficult to separate, may have shared genetic weakness regardless of interpersonal interaction

Question 25

peers limitation

Answer 25

-role of peers can’t explain all addictions as some such as sex highly secretive

Question 26

peers strength

Answer 26

-practical applications, schools csn use education to inform wider student body of danger of addictive substances, convincing majority or peer group help friendship groups self police