ALERRT

Question 1

August 1st 1996

Answer 1

University of Texas Tower

Military trained gunman kills 15 injures 33 in 90 minutes

Attacker Neutralized by 2 brave officers and 1 civilian

Question 2

University of Texas Tower Shooting Details

Answer 2

August 1st 1996

Military trained gunman kills 15 injures 33 in 90 minutes

Attacker Neutralized by 2 brave officers and 1 civilian

Question 3

Lessons Learned from U. Texas Shooting

Answer 3

LE Agencies Need military style weapons

Emergence of SWAT or Tactical Units

Question 4

April 20th 1999

Answer 4

Columbine HS Shooting

2 Attackers, 99 explosive devices, 30 were detonated

Killed 13, Injured 24 in 13 minutes

LE response in 2 min - BUT - waited 45 minutes to enter per agency policy

Question 5

Columbine HS Shooting Details

Answer 5

April 20th 1999

2 Attackers, 99 explosive devices, 30 were detonated

Killed 13, Injured 24 in 13 minutes

LE response in 2 min - BUT - waited 45 minutes to enter per agency policy

Question 6

Lessons Learned from Columbine Shooting

Answer 6

The need for all LE responders to have the training, tools and authorization to immediately make entry and neutralize an active shooter threat

The need for LE to have IED training

Revised priority of life scale

Question 7

What is “The Priority of Life Scale” (3)

Answer 7

Innocent Civilians
Law Enforcement / Responders
Attackers

Question 8

April 16th 2007

Answer 8

Virginia Tech Shooting

1 attacker armed with 2 pistols

Attacker barricaded exterior doors with chains

Systematically killed victims at close range

Killed 32 and wounded 17 in 11 minutes

Swift response and entry promoted killer to commit suicide

Question 9

Virginia Tech Shooting

Answer 9

April 16th 2007

1 attacker armed with 2 pistols

Attacker barricaded exterior doors with chains

Systematically killed victims at close range

Killed 32 and wounded 17 in 11 minutes

Swift response and entry promoted killer to commit suicide

Question 10

Lessons Learned - Virginia Tech Shooting

Answer 10

Swift response to active shooter = effective

Educating and Training civilians in active shooter response strategies to mitigate casualties (CRASE / CRCC)

Question 11

September 16th 2013

Answer 11

Navy Yard Building 197 Shooting ( Washington D.C.)

Killed 12 wounded 7 before bing neutralized by LE

Hundreds of LE, FD and EMS responders converged

Question 12

Navy Yard Building 197 Shooting ( Washington D.C.)

Answer 12

September 16th 2013

Killed 12 wounded 7 before bing neutralized by LE

Hundreds of LE, FD and EMS responders converged

Question 13

Lessons Learned - Navy Yard Building 197 Shooting

Answer 13

The Earlier an Incident Command Structure can be established, THE BETTER

LE responders need to be trained to medically treat and evacuate casualties in a safe and timely manner before the entire structure has been cleared

Question 14

June 12th 2016

Answer 14

Pulse Nightclub Shooting (Florida)

1 Attacker armed with rifle - Shoots 102, Kills 49 in less than 5 minutes

Attacker barricaded inside for 2 hours preventing EMS inside

LE transported 69 casualties only 58 survived

Question 15

Pulse Nightclub Shooting (Florida)

Answer 15

June 12th 2016

1 Attacker armed with rifle - Shoots 102, Kills 49 in less than 5 minutes

Attacker barricaded inside for 2 hours preventing EMS inside

LE transported 69 casualties only 58 survived

Question 16

Lessons Learned - Pulse Nightclub Shooting

Answer 16

LE responders need to be prepared to stabilize the injured and get them out of war zone without EMS

Breaching to clear attack site

IED threat awareness

Question 17

October 1st 2017

Answer 17

Rt. 91 Harvest Music Festival (Las Vegas)

1 attacker on 32nd floor of Mandalay bay hotel

10 minutes killing 58 and injuring 851 (422 gunshot)

Attacker committed suicide

Question 18

Rt. 91 Harvest Music Festival (Las Vegas)

Answer 18

October 1st 2017

1 attacker on 32nd floor of Mandalay bay hotel

10 minutes killing 58 and injuring 851 (422 gunshot)

Attacker committed suicide

Question 19

Lessons Learned Rt. 91 Harvest Music Festival

Answer 19

Citizen support with medical application and transport was paramount in the onset in the
incident, mitigating lives lost

Continued citizen training and education on response strategies for an active shooter event
may mitigate loss of life

LE response must be swift when a driving force exists

Unified response LE, FD, & EMS

Establishing Unified Command early on

Question 20

February 14th 2018

Answer 20

Marjory Stoneman Douglas HS Shooting (Parkland, FL)

1 Attacker armed with rifle - killed 17 and wounded 17

Attacker fled scene and apprehended in Coral Springs shortly after incident

Question 21

Marjory Stoneman Douglas HS Shooting

Answer 21

“Parkland” Shooting

1 Attacker armed with rifle - killed 17 and wounded 17

Attacker fled scene and apprehended in Coral Springs shortly after incident

Radio Comms overloaded - resorted to runners for communications

Question 22

Lessons Learned from Douglas Stoneman HS Shooting

Answer 22

Identify the driving force and appropriate response

Solo Response

Incident Command Structure for appropriate management of resources

LE Responders need to be prepared to use word of mouth communication

when radio communications are overloaded

Question 23

Operational Goals During Active Shooter Events (2)

Answer 23

(1) Stop The Killing = isolate, distract, neutralize
(2) Stop The Dying = Stabilize and transport

Question 24

Casualty Care / Transport Models (4)

Answer 24

(1) - Protected Corridor
(2) - Protected Island
(3) - Rescue Task Force
(4) - Law Enforcement Rescue

Question 25

Difference Between an Active Shooter Event & Hostage/Barricade Event

Answer 25

Active Shooter = Signs or information indicating active killing Hostage/Barricade Event = NO signs or Information indicating active killing

Question 26

Hostage/Barricade Course of Action (5)

Answer 26

(1) - Contain (2) - Control (3) - Communicate (4) - Call SWAT & Negotiators (5) - Create an Immediate Actin Plan

Question 27

What should you never do with an Active Shooter?

Answer 27

NEVER - underestimate the lethality of a hyper violent, mentally unstable attacker

Question 28

Active Shooter - Team Concepts and Principles (5)

Answer 28

(1) - Stay together as much as possible (2) - Maintain 540 degree security (3) - Communicate Effectively (4) - Threshold Evaluation (5) - Speed of Movement

Question 29

Establishing Incident Command - Active Shooter Events

Answer 29

Certain critical Incident Command tasks must be completed within the first few minutes of an attack or additional lives will likely be lost ICS-trained supervisor may not arrive on scene for several minutes Level 1 provides basic Incident Command tools to enable any LE Responder (regardless of prior training or experience) to effectively complete the most critical, time-sensitive Incident Command tasks

Question 30

ALERRT - Course Goal

Answer 30

To provide law enforcement professionals nationwide with a simple, standard set of skills enabling them to save as many lives as possible when responding to an active shooter incident, either alone or as part of a small ad hoc team.

Question 31

FBI Definition - “Active Shooter"

Answer 31

An individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area. Refers to any ongoing attack on multiple individuals, regardless of the type of weapon used

Question 32

An individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area.

Answer 32

FBI Definition - “Active Shooter"

Question 33

Refers to any ongoing attack on multiple individuals, regardless of the type of weapon used

Answer 33

FBI Definition - “Active Shooter"

Question 34

Active Shooters - “Tactical Advantage"

Answer 34

(1) They choose time and location of their attack - enabling them to plan and prepare ahead of time (2) Advantage of being on the defensive rather than the offensive when LE responders arrive (3) Advantage of Superior Firepower = Weapons and Explosives (First Responders may only have pistols) Only way to sway tactical advantage back in for of the LE responder is through the use of effective teamwork and tactics

Question 35

Only way to sway tactical advantage back in favor of the LE responder during Active Shooter Incident?

Answer 35

Through the use of effective teamwork and tactics - Part of Tactical Advantage Definition ALERRT

Question 36

Who developed ALERRT Level 1 Techniques?

Answer 36

Developed by Combat veterans and law enforcement tactical officers based on real-world deadly force encounters, with well armed, highly motivated adversaries. The Techniques taught here have been kept simple for those with limited tactical experience, so they can still be proficient within 2 day course

Question 37

What critical items are needed in a “Go Bag"

Answer 37

Add

Question 38

Incident where 2 patrol officers armed only with revolvers and a shot gun successfully neutralized the shooter

Answer 38

University of Texas Tower Shooting - August 1st 1966 Military trained gunman shot more than 40 people in 90 minutes

Question 39

Following this incident police chiefs and sheriffs across the country recognized the need for their agencies to posses more advanced (military style) training and weapons

Answer 39

University of Texas Tower Shooting - August 1st 1966 Lead to the emergence of SWAT and Tactical Units

Question 40

What was the initial SWAT concept when responding to incidents?

Answer 40

In order to ensure the safety of their officers, agencies began training patrol officers who face complex tactical situations to set up a perimeter and call for SWAT instead of attempting to handle the situation on their own. Was the “norm” for LE response until 1999

Question 41

What was the “Unintentional Side Effect” of SWAT and what event caused it change?

Answer 41

Cause of Change = Columbine HS Shooting April 20th 1999 Responding officers created a perimeter and called for SWAT 13 minutes 2 killers roamed unopposed killing 13 / injuring 24 - then 45 minutes after attack SWAT entered It took hours for the school to be declared safe enough to allow medical personnel inside. Stopping the Killing of innocent civilians now took FIRST priority

Question 42

What became “The First Priority” after the 1999 Columbine HS Shooting?

Answer 42

Stopping the killing of innocent civilians

Question 43

What shooting illustrated that fast and effective LE responses was not enough?

Answer 43

Virginia Tech Shooting - April 16th 2007 “Highlighted” that the actions taken by civilians during the first few minutes of an attack ( before LE can arrive) can significantly reduce the number of fatalities. The importance of educating and training civilians in active shooter response strategies to mitigate casualties is imperative

Question 44

What Model do multiple federal and state law enforcement agencies agree on training civilians with?

Answer 44

"The Avoid, Deny, Defend Model" - Synonymous with Federal Agencies “Run, Hide Fight” Gives civilians the best chance of surviving an active shooter incident

Question 45

Define each step of “The Avoid, Deny, Defend Model"

Answer 45

RUN / AVOID - If it is safe to do so for you and those in your care, first course of action is to quickly and cautiously evacuate in a direction away from the attacker and move to a safe location HIDE / DENY - If trapped by the attacker, individuals should barricade the door and get out of sight FIGHT / DEFEND - Prepare a plan to use teamwork and ad hoc weapons to incapacitate the attacker if he or she enters the room

Question 46

What additions did the Navy Yard shooting lead to for ALLERT Level 1 Courses?

Answer 46

(1) Initial Incident Command (2) Immediate Medical Care (3) Medivac Blocks Main purpose - provide knowledge and skills for the needed transition without delay from “Stop the Killing” to “Stop the dying” Took too long to get into Navy Yard and victims passed away during that transition time

Question 47

What does “Stop the Dying” Mean when responding to an Active Shooter Incident?

Answer 47

Providing immediate life-saving medical care inside a ware zone, followed by rapid evacuation of critically injured victims to a location where significant medical resources are available to treat them.

Question 48

__________ mean the difference between life and death, so officers must remain focused on the key priorities and not let anything __________ their efforts to eliminate the threat. Then, they should immediately start the process of getting critically injured victims out of danger and on their way to a trauma center.

Answer 48

Minutes - delay