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Pharmocology - step > anti-virals > Flashcards

anti-virals Flashcards

(120 cards)

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1
Q

moa of oseltamivir

A

inhibits influenze neuraminidase - decreases release of progeny viruses

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2
Q

moa of zanamivir

A

inhibits influenza neuraminidase - decreases release of progeny viruses

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3
Q

treatment of influenza A and B

A

oseltamivir
zanamivir
MIVIRs

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4
Q

prevention of influenza A and B

A

oseltamivir
zanamivir
MIVIRs

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5
Q

MOA of acyclovir/famciclovir, valacyclovir

A

guanosine analougs
monoPi by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase and not uninfected cells
triphosphate by host enzymes
inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination

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6
Q

treatment of HSV and VZV

A

acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir

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7
Q

what virsus foes acyclovir, famiciclovir and valacyclovir work against?

A

HSV, VZV, weak against EBV

NO CMV

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8
Q

treatment of HSV induced mucocutanoeus and genital lesiosn

A

acyclovir
famiciclovir
valacyclovir

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9
Q

treatment of HSV encephalitis

A

acyclovir
famiciclovir
valacyclovir

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10
Q

use of acyclovir in immunosuppressed indvls

A

prhophylaxis

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11
Q

doc at herpes zoster

A

famiciclovir

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12
Q

toxo of acyclovir

A

obstructive crystalline nephropathy

acute renal failure

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13
Q

how do prevent toxo of acyclovir

A

hydration to prevent obstructive crystalline nephropathy/acute renal failure

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14
Q

how do HSV and VZV resists acyclovir

A

muta viral thymidine kinase

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15
Q

moa fo ganciclovir

A

5’monophosphate formed by a CMV viral kinase
guanosine analog
triphosphate formed by cellular kinases
inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination

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16
Q

doc of CMV, especially in immunocmopromised

A

ganciclovir

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17
Q

toxos of ganciclovir

A

leukopenia
neutropenia
thrombocytopenia
renal toxicity

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18
Q

which is more toxic to host cells, acyclovir of ganciclovir

A

ganvivclovir - leuko/neutron/thrombocytopenia

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19
Q

moa of resistane of ganciclovir

A

mutated viral kinase

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20
Q

moa of foscarnet

A

viral DNA/RNA polymerase inhibitor and HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor
binds to pyroFOSphaste binding site
NO ACTIVATION BY KINASE REQUIRED

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21
Q

what is foscarnet used for

A

CMV retinitins when ganciclovr doesn’t work

acyclovir resistant HSV

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22
Q

toxo of foscarnet please

A

nephrotoxicity
electrolyte abnormalities: hypo/hyperCa AND hypo/hyperPO4 and hypoK and hypoMg
electorylte abnormalities can lead to seizures

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23
Q

MOA resistance foscarnet

A

mutated DNA plymerase

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24
Q

MOA cidofovir

A

preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase

DOES NTO REQUIRE PHOS BY KINASE

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25
which two drugs for CMV do not require pi by kinase
foscarnet and cidofovir
26
what is the use of cidofovir
CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients | acyclovir restiant HSV
27
toxo of cidofover
nephrotoxocity
28
how to prevent nephrotoxicity of cidofovir
give with probenecid and IV saline to decrease nephrotoxicity of cidofovir
29
how to treat HIV
three drug regimen to prevent resistance | 2 x NRTIs and 1 x of a) NNRTI, b) integrase inhibitor or c( protease inhibitors
30
list the protease inhibitors
``` NAVIRS atazanavir darunavir fosamprenavir indinavir lopinavir ritonavir saduinavir ```
31
moa of preotease inhibitors
assumble of virions requires HIV-1 protease (pol gene) to cleave polypeptide of HIV mRNA into functional parts. so prevents maturation of new viruses
32
what makes ritonavir special?
inhibits P450 to boost other drug concentrations
33
common side effects of all protease inhibitors
hyperglycemia lipodystrophy nausea and diarrhoea
34
side effects of indinavir pelase
nephropathy | hematuria
35
proteas inhibitor that can cause nephropathy and hematuria please
indinavir
36
a/se: hyperglycemia, gi upset, lipodystrophy
protease inhibitors, the NAVIRs
37
what drug si contraindicated with protease inhibtitors and why
rifampin | CYP inducer so would decreased protease inhibitor concentration
38
please list the NRTIs
``` abacavir didanosine emtricitabine lamicudine stacudine tenofocir zidocudine (formerly azt) ```
39
how do NRTis work?
completely inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase and terminate the DNA chian because they lack a 3'OH,
40
what NRTI is not a nucleoside
tenovofir - doesn't need to be phosphorylated to be active
41
what is the NRTI for use in pregos?
zidovudine/formerly known as azt
42
what is the NRTI used for general prophylaxis
zidovudine
43
a/se of all NRTIs pelase
bone marrow suppression | peripheral neurpahty
44
a/se unique to the NRTI nucleosides
lactic acidosis
45
what NRTI casues anaemia?
zidovudine
46
what NRTI causes pancreatitits
didanosine
47
how can you prevent some of the side effects of NRTIs
bone marrow suppression = give EPO and G-CSF
48
a/se of bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy
NRTIs
49
a/se of lactic acidosis
``` metformin ;) nucleoside NRTI (all but tenovofir) ```
50
a/se of pancreatitis
didanosine
51
a/se of anaemia
ziduvodine
52
please list the NNRTis
delavirdine efavirenz nevirapine
53
MOA of the NNRTIs please
bind to reverse transcriptase at site different from NRTIs | do nto require phosphyrlation to be active or to compete with nucletides
54
list the drugs that DO not require to be Pi in HIV treatment
tenovofir, an NRTI | all the NNRTIs (delavirdine, efacirnez, nevirapine)
55
what drugs for HIV are contraindicated in pregos
NNRTIs: delavirdine, efavirnez
56
what are the ase of the NNRTis
rash and hepatotoxicity (indinavir, a protease inhibitor cause hematuria and nephrotoxicity)
57
a/se of efavirenz
vivid dreams and CNS symptoms
58
a/se rash and hepatotoxicity
NNRTIsL delavirdine, efavirenz, nevirapine
59
a/se of vivid dreams and CNS symptoms
efavirenz
60
list the integrase inhibitors
raltegravir
61
MOA fo raltegravir
inhibits HIV genemoe integration into host cell chrom by reversibly inhibiting HIV integrase
62
a/se of ratelgrivir
increases creatine kinase
63
a/se of increased creatine kinase
raltegrivir, the integrase inhibitor
64
list the fusion inhibitors pelase
enfuvirtide | maroviroc
65
moa of enfuvirtide
a fusion inhibitor | binds gp41 inhibiting viral entry
66
moa of maraviroc
binds CCR5 of t cells and monocytes | inhibits interaction with HIV's gp21
67
a/se of enfurvirtide
skin reaction at injection site
68
ts for chronic hepatitis B
IFNa
69
tx for chronic hepatitis C
IFNa ribavirin simeprevir sofosbuvir
70
tx for Kaposi sarcoma
IFNa
71
tx for hairy cell leukemia
IFNa
72
tx for condyloma acuminatum
IFNa
73
tx for renal cell carcinoma
IFNa
74
tx for malignant melaonma
IFNa
75
tx for multiple sclerosis
IFNb
76
tx for chronic granulomatous disease
IFNg
77
toxos of interferones please
neutropenia | myopathy
78
a/se of neutropenia and myopathy
interferons
79
what are the drugs used for hep C tx?
ribavirin simeprevir sofosbuvir
80
moa of ribavirin please
inhibits synth of guanine nucleotides by competitively inhibiting INOSINE MONOPI DEHYDROGENASE
81
what is ribavirin used for
hep C and RSC
82
what is DOC in children for RSV
palivizumba (ribavirin)
83
what is toxicity of ribavirin
hemolytic aneamia | severe teratogen
84
what is the moa of simeprevir
HCV protease inhibitor | prevents viral replication
85
what are uses of simpervir
HCV with ribavirin and pegIFNa
86
what are toxos of simeprevir
rash and photosensitivity
87
anti virals that can give a rash
simeprevir and NNRTis
88
what is the moa of sofosbuvir
inhibits HCV RNA dependent RNA polymerase | chain terminator
89
what is cxl use of sofosbuvir
chronic HSV in combo with ribavirin and or not with peginterdreon
90
what are the toxocs of sofosbuvir
fatigue, headache nausea
91
toxos of hemolytic anaemia, and teratogen
ribavirin
92
toxos of rahs and photosensitivity
simeprevir
93
toxos fo fatigue, headache, nausea
sofosbuvir
94
what anti virals can cause nephrotoxicity
acyclovir/famciclovir, valacyclovir canciclovir foscarnetcidofovir NRTIs
95
what anti virals affect blood cells
galnciclovir: leuko/thromboy/neutron penias NRTIs: bone marrow suppression ribavirin: hemolytic anaemia
96
what do ganciclovir, NRTIs and ribavirin all have in common
cause side effects involving blood cells.
97
what type of infection control techniques for enveloped viruses
alcohols and chlorhexidine - denaturs proteins and disrupts cell membranes
98
what infection control techniques for spores
hydrogen peroxis - free radial oxidation
99
what am I? delavirdine
NNRTi
100
what am I? stavudine
NRTI
101
what am I? enfuvirtide
fusion inhibitor
102
what am I? efavirenz
NNRTI
103
what am I? sofosbuvir
hep C treatment
104
what am I? nevirapine
NNRTI
105
what infection control techniaues MIGHT be sporicidal
autoclave and iodine/iodophores
106
a/se in pregos: kernicterus
sulfonamides
107
a/se in pregos: ototoxicity
aminoglycosides
108
a/se in pregos: cartilage damage
fluoroquinolones
109
a/se in pregos: embryotocix
chlarithromycin
110
a/se in pregos: discolored teeth, inhibition of bone growth
tetracyclines
111
a/se in pregos: teratogenic x two
ribavirin | griseofulvin
112
a/se in pregos: gray baby syndrome
chloramphenicol
113
a/se in pregos: sulfonamides
kernicterus
114
a/se in pregos: aminoglycosides
ototoxicity
115
a/se in pregos: ribavirin
teratogen
116
a/se in pregos: griseofulvin
a/se in pregos:
117
a/se in pregos: tetracyclines
discoloured teeth and bone growth inhibition
118
a/se in pregos: fluroquinolones
cartilage damage
119
a/se in pregos: clarithromycin
embryotoxic
120
a/se in pregos: chloramphenicol
gray baby syndrome

Pharmocology - step (16 decks)

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