ANTICANCER DRUGS Reporter 17

Question 1

• normal cells involved in cell differentiation and division, regulate cell death also
  known as apoptosis

Answer 1

Protooncogenes

Question 2

• mutation in a proto-oncogene affecting cellular growth-control proteins and triggers,
  unregulated cell division

Answer 2

Oncogene

Question 3

signals a cell to stop multiplying and stop the action of
oncogenes

Answer 3

Tumor-suppressor (TS) genes

Question 4

Human papillomavirus (HPV) - women with

Answer 4

invasive cervical cancer.

Question 5

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) - people with

Answer 5

Burkitt lymphoma in Central Africa and has
been implicated in the development of nasopharyngeal cancer

Question 6

hepatitis B and C viruses –

Answer 6

hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer).

Question 7

CLASSIFICATION OF ANTICANCER DRUGS

Cell cycle–nonspecific (CCNS) drugs

Answer 7

act during any phase of the cell cycle, including the G0 phase.

Question 8

. Adjuvant therapy

Answer 8

Surgery is done first, followed by chemotherapy to remove residual
tumor cells (microscopic metastases

. Example: breast cancer and colon cance

Question 9

Neoadjuvant therapy

Answer 9

－ Chemotherapy is done first to help a large tumor shrink, followed
by surgery to remove it.

Question 10

. Palliative chemotherapy

Answer 10

Chemotherapy is done to relieve symptoms associated with
advanced disease and improve quality of life

Question 11

Combination chemotherapy

Answer 11

－ Using two or more chemotherapy drugs at a time. This
type of treatment is more effective.

Question 12

ANTICANCER DRUGS

General Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Answer 12

Bone Marrow Suppression,
Myelosuppression

GI Disturbances

Question 13

ANTICANCER DRUGS

General Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Bone Marrow Suppression,
Myelosuppression

Answer 13

Low RBC count (anemia) – rest, RBC transfusion
Low WBC count (neutropenia) – risk for infection, reverse
isolation
Low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) – risk for bleeding

Question 14

ANTICANCER DRUGS

General Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

GI Disturbances

Answer 14

Anorexia – adequate/balanced diet, Nausea and vomiting –
antiemetic prior to Cancer drugs, Diarrhea – less fiber in diet,
and Mucositis (stomatitis) – saline gargle, do not use alcohol
based gargle

Question 15

ALKALYTING DRUGS

Answer 15

Acts by inhibiting the transcription of DNA or RNA and thereby stopping the protein
synthesis

Question 16

ALKALYTING DRUGS
Subclass

Nitrogen Mustards

Example Drug:
Used For (Indication):

Answer 16

Cyclophosphamide

Cancers like lymphoma, leukemia, breast cancer, and lung cancer

Question 17

ALKALYTING DRUGS
Subclass

Nitrosoureas

Example Drug:
Used For (Indication):

Answer 17

Lomustine - Brain tumors – because it can cross the blood-brain barrier

Question 17

ALKALYTING DRUGS
Subclass

Alkyl Sulfonates

Example Drug:
Used For (Indication):

Answer 17

Busulfan - Used before bone marrow transplants, especially for leukemia

Question 17

ALKALYTING DRUGS
Subclass

Triazines

Example Drug:
Used For (Indication):

Answer 17

Procarbazine - Stage III & IV Hodgkin’s disease (a type of lymphoma)

Question 17

ALKALYTING DRUGS
Subclass

Platinum-based drugs

Example Drug:
Used For (Indication):

Answer 17

Cisplatin - Testicular, ovarian, and bladder cancers

Carboplatin - Ovarian cancer

Question 17

ALKALYTING DRUGS
Subclass

Ethylenimines

Example Drug:
Used For (Indication):

Answer 17

Altretamine - Ovarian cancer that keeps coming back

Question 18

ANTIMETABOLITES

Answer 18

-types of chemotherapy treatments that are very similar to normal substances within the cell

Question 19

ANTIMETABOLITES
Subclass

Folate
Antimetabolite

Example Drug:
Used For (Indication):

Answer 19

Methotrexate - I: malignant and nonmalignant conditions (e.g., rheumatoid
arthritis, psoriasis);
Leukemias and cancers of the G.I tract, head and neck,
breast and ovaries; ectopic pregnancies

Question 20

ANTIMETABOLITES
Subclass

Pyrimidine

Example Drug:
Used For (Indication)

Answer 20

Fluorouracil - I: cancers of the GI tract, head and neck, colorectal, breast,
Actinic keratosis, Basal cell carcinoma

Question 21

ANTIMETABOLITES Subclass Purine Example Drug: Used For (Indication)

Answer 21

Mercaptopurine (6-MP) - : Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Non-neoplastic conditions: immunosuppression. prevention of organ transplant rejection, treatment of autoimmune diseases (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis)

Question 22

ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS

Answer 22

-type of anticancer drug that blocks cell growth by interfering with DNA leading to cell death

Question 23

ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS Subclass Miscellaneous Example Drug: Used For (Indication)

Answer 23

Bleomycin - It is used to treat Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, and cervical cancer among others

Question 24

ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS Subclass Anthracyclines Example Drug: Used For (Indication)

Answer 24

Doxorubicin - It slows or stops the growth of cancer cells by blocking an enzyme called topo isomerase.

Question 25

ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS Subclass Chromomycin A3 or Toyomycin Example Drug: Used For (Indication)

Answer 25

Plicamycin - It is used to treat testicular cancer, Paget's disease of bone, and, rarely, the management of hypercalcemia.

Question 26

. Vinca Alkaloids

Answer 26

- are a material of a class of organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen that is often derived from plants is named alkaloid

Question 27

1. Vinca Alkaloids Vinblastine (VBL)

Answer 27

has been used as an integral part of medicinal treatment regimens for testicular carcinoma and both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

Question 28

1. Vinca Alkaloids Vinorelbine (VRL)

Answer 28

similar to VBL, it has significant anti-tumor activity in patients with breast cancer and can be affected on bone tumor cells, osteosarcoma.

Question 29

1. Vinca Alkaloids Vincristine (VCR)

Answer 29

has been approved to treat acute leukemia, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Wilm's tumor, Hodgkin's disease and other lymphomas.

Question 30

. Podophyllum

Answer 30

used in treatment of small cell carcinoma of lung, prostate and testicular carcinomas - used to remove benign growth

Question 31

Podophyllum Podophyllotoxi n

Answer 31

is an antimitotic. acts by preventing viral wart cells from dividing and multiplying and eventually all the wart cells die and new healthy cells grow in their place.

Question 32

Sex Hormones

Answer 32

used to slow the growth of hormone-dependent tumors (for prostate cancer and breast cancer) Exogenous estrogens- maintain all the properties of endogenous estrogens; most effective for palliative treatment of breast cancer among postmenopausal women

Question 33

Estrogen Therapy-

Answer 33

used as a palliative treatment to slow down the progression of prostatic cancer by decreasing testosterone production

Question 34

Synthetic Progestin-

Answer 34

used for renal and endometrisal cancers

Question 35

Synthetic Progestin arre

Answer 35

Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate Megestrol Medroxyprogesterone Acetate

Question 36

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Tamoxifen -

Answer 36

- primarily used for breast cancer in both men and women