Drugs for Eye and Ear Disorders Reporter 29 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Drugs for Disorders of the Eye
● known as
ocular or ophthalmic drugs
Glaucoma -
- damage of the optic nerve caused by high pressure (intraocular
pressure),in the eye, EYE PAIN
Macular Degeneration
n - leading cause of severe vision loss in the elderly,
CENTRAL VISION LOSS
Diagnostic stains
● examine the surface of the eye for lesions or foreign objects
● evaluates dry eyes and extraocular changes
Fluorescein sodium, Lissamine green
Topical Anesthetics
Ophthalmic anesthetics
○ Blocks the pain signals at the nerve endings in the eye
○ Ex:
Proparacaine hydrochloride
Anti-infectives
Primarily for eye infections
Ex:
Ciprofloxacin (for bacterial conjunctivitis) Sore Eyes
○ Erythromycin
○ Silver nitrate
Anti-inflammatories
● Cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsions
○ decreases swelling of the eye to promote tear production to relieve xerophthalmia
● Ophthalmic NSAIDS
○ Inhibits ocular prostaglandins
○ Ex: Diclofenac sodium, Ketorolac tromethamine
Ophthalmic corticosteroid
prevents permanent damage to the eyes which may occur in certain eye conditions
○ Ex: Dexamethasone, Prednisolone acetate
● Contraindications:
○ People with untreated ocular infections and glaucoma
● prolonged use causes open-angle glaucoma, ocular nerve damage or visual defects
Decongestants
○ Ex: Phenylephrine, Naphazoline, Tetrahydrozoline
● large amounts may pose problems for patients with increased IOP and hypertension
● CI: people with angle-closure glaucoma
First line of drug treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
Prostaglandin analogues
Prostaglandin analogues
Ex:
latanoprost and trayopost
- Cholinergic agents “wet”
Cause miosis (Miotic) – pupillary constriction = decrease IOP by facilitating the outflow
of aqueous humor
● Ex: Pilocarpine
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers -olol
● Decrease IOP
● First line of drugs used in the treatment of glaucoma
Ex: Carteolol, Levobunolol, Timolol
Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist
Decrease production and improve outflow of aqueous humor
● Ex: Apraclonidine, Brimonidine
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
● Decrease IOP and Developed as DIURETICS
● Ex: Acetazolamide
Mydriatics and Cycloplegics (PLEGIA – paralysis)
● Mydriatics: dilate the pupil
My DILATE riatics
Glaucoma? NO!
● Cycloplegics: paralyze the muscles of accommodation
● Ex: Atropine sulfate, Cyclopentolate hydrochloride, Tropicamide
● Contraindications: angle-closure glaucoma
● SE: Xerophthalmia, photophobia, and blurred vision
- Osmotics
Reduce IOP
Macular Degeneration
Screening and Diagnosis
Fluorescein Sodium
Makes the blood vessel of the retina glow
● Local anesthetic
Macular Degeneration
Screening and Diagnosis
Tonometry
(Proparacaine)
Blocks the nerve endings of the eye from feeling pain
● SE: sensitivity to light, blurred vision, tearing
Macular Degeneration
Screening and Diagnosis
Dilated Eye Exam
(Phenylephrine)
Used to dilate pupils for eye examination
● Decongestant
● SE: temporary stinging and blurred vision
Treatment for wet macular degeneration
Ranibizumab
(Lucentis)-
Slows the growth of abnormal new blood vessels and decreases leakage from
the blood vessels
● Treatment for dry macular degeneration
Carotenoids -
Antioxidants
DRUGS FOR DISORDERS OF THE EAR
Amoxicillin, Cephalosporin
Kills the bacteria
DRUGS FOR DISORDERS OF THE EAR
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin
Stops the growth of bacteria
