MMUNOLOGIC AGENTS: VACCINES Reporter 16 Flashcards
(37 cards)
Occurs when most of the community is IMMUNIZED against contagious diseases,
allowing protection of those not immunized.
● When most of the community is NOT IMMUNIZED, an increased risk for the spread of
contagious disease within the community
Community Immunity (Herd Immunity)
- involves the administration of a small amount of antigen, capable of
stimulating an immune response, and does not typically produce the disease.
Vaccination
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VACCINES
contain the whole or components of an inactivated (killed)
microorganism
Traditional Vaccines
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VACCINES
composed of live, attenuated (weakened) microorganisms.
Attenuated viruses
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VACCINES
- a substance added to a vaccine to increase the body’s immune response to
the vaccine (aluminum salt such as aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate, or
aluminum potassium sulfate)
Adjuvant
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VACCINES
require a protein or toxoid from an unrelated organism to link to
the outer coating of the disease-causing microorganism. (H. influenzae type B).
Conjugate vaccines
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VACCINES
involve the insertion of some of the genetic material
(e.g., DNA) of a pathogen into another cell or organism, where the antigen is then
produced in massive quantities. (Hep B vaccine)
Recombinant subunit vaccines
All inactivated vaccines require refrigerator storage temperatures
between 35°F and 46°F
(2°C and 8°C) with a desired average temperature of 40°F (5°C).
BCG(Bacillus Calamette-Guérin) Vaccine
Schedule and Doses:
Contraindications:
1 birth dose 0.05 if at birth/ Anytime after birth
For persons with impaired immunity
Hepa B
Schedule and Doses:
(should not be frozen)
3 doses / 1 at birth OK for pregnant and lactating mothers
DPT (Pentavax)
Type and Classification:
D-toxoid P-killed bacteria T-toxoid HB-Rna recombinant HiB
conjugate vax (haemophilus influenza/bacterial meningitis)
OPV
Schedule and Doses:
3 doses / Three 6wks 10wks 14wks
Measles
Schedule and Doses:
(Can be frozen)
2 doses / First dose at 12 through 15 months of age.
Second dose at 4 through 6 years of age
Mumps
Schedule and Doses:
2 doses / First dose at 12 through 15 months of age
Second dose at 4 through 6 years of age
Rubella
Schedule and Doses:
2 doses / First dose at 12 through 15 months of age
Second dose at 4 through 6 years of age
Pneumococcal Disease
Schedule and Doses:
( Do not freeze vaccine or diluents, or expose to freezing
temperatures.)
65 years old onwards: 1 year interval
They are live attenuated and may cause presence of infection.
● Measles vaccine
● Mumps vaccine
● Rotavirus vaccine
● Rubella vaccine
● Smallpox vaccine
● Varicella (Chickenpox) vaccine
Vaccines Contraindicated in pregnancy
● Measles vaccine
● Mumps vaccine
● Rotavirus vaccine
● Rubella vaccine
● Smallpox vaccine
● Varicella (Chickenpox) vaccine
Vaccine recommendation for those who are in contact with immunocompromised
individual
BCG
● Japanese encephalitis vaccine
● MMR
● rotavirus vaccine
● oral typhoid vaccine
● varicella vaccine
● yellow fever vaccine
● zoster vaccine
People who are immunocompromised are routinely recommended to receive:
People who are immunocompromised are routinely recommended to receive:
● influenza vaccine
● pneumococcal vaccine
● meningococcal vaccine
Chickenpox - caused by a virus called
VARICELLA ZOSTER
Who Needs Chickenpox Vaccine?
Children under age 13 years should get two doses
First dose at age 12 through 15 months old
● Second dose at age 4 through 6 years old
People 13 years or older: Two separate doses at least 28 days apart
Patients should not get the chickenpox vaccine if they:
Pregnancy
Immunocompromised
Acute illness
Tuberculosis
Varicella Vaccine
Stevens-Johnson syndrome - disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. It’s
usually a reaction to medication that starts with flu-like symptoms, followed by a
painful rash that spreads and blisters.
