Diuretics

Question 1

Diuretics

Answer 1

– water excretion

Question 2

Hypertension

Answer 2

–blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg

Question 3

Effects of Diuretics:

Answer 3

●Diuresis – inhibit Na and water reabsorption from the kidney tubules.
● Natriuresis - lead to sodium loss in the urine because of the diuretics that act on the
tubules closest to the glomeruli. (Mannitol) osmotic diuretics
● Antihypertensive effect thru promotion of sodium and water loss
● Loss of other electrolytes, potassium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate
● Potassium-wasting diuretics promotes potassium excretion
● Potassium-sparing diuretics promotes potassium retention

Question 4

Five Categories of Diuretics that are effective in removing water and sodium:

Answer 4

1. Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
2. Loop or high-ceiling diuretics
3. Osmotic diuretics
4. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
5. Potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 5

Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 5

Thiazides act directly on arterioles to cause vasodilation, which can lower blood pressure.
The onset of action of hydrochlorothiazide occurs within 2 hours

Question 6

Loop (High-Ceiling) Diuretics

Answer 6

• act on the thick ascending loop of Henle to inhibit chloride transport
  of sodium into the circulation and inhibit passive reabsorption of sodium.

Side effects and Adverse Reactions
● Hypokalemia,

Question 7

Osmotic
Mannitol

Answer 7

Acts on the proximal tubule and loop of Henle by increasing the osmolality
(concentration) and sodium reabsorption.

Question 8

Potassium Sparing diuretics

Answer 8

Aldosterone Antagonist
primarily in the collecting tubules and late distal tubule to promote
sodium and water excretion and potassium retention

SE

Main side effect is hyperkalemia

Question 9

Potassium Sparing diuretics

Triamterene

Answer 9

Edema, hypokalemia,
ascites

Question 9

Potassium Sparing diuretics

Spironolactone

Answer 9

Hypertension, HF