DRUGS FOR UPPER RESPIRATORY DISORDERS Reporter 20

Question 1

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 1

Consists of the nares, nasal cavity, pharynx, and the larynx

Question 2

Common Cold

Answer 2

Cause by rhinovirus and affects primarily affects the nasopharyngeal tract
- Most contagious 1 to 4 days before the onset of symptoms and during the first 3 days of the
cold.

Question 3

Acute Rhinitis

Answer 3

Acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, usually accompanies the
common cold

Question 4

Allergic Rhinitis

Answer 4

often called “hay fever”
- Caused by pollen or a foreign substance such as animal dander

Question 5

Symptoms of common cold

Answer 5

Rhinorrhea (watery nasal discharge)
- Nasal congestion
- Cough
- Increased mucosal secretions (clear)

Question 6

DRUGS FOR UPPER RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

Specific Medications

Antihistamines

Answer 6

Antihistamines
- H1 blockers or H1 antagonists
- Decrease nasopharyngeal secretions by blocking the H1 receptor
- Commonly used as cold remedies and can also treat allergic rhinitis

Question 7

Patients taking OTC cold remedies with f____ should be alerted
not to drive or operate dangerous machinery as this causes drowsines

Answer 7

irst generation antihistamines

Question 8

First-Generation Antihistamines
- Patients taking OTC cold r

Alkylamine Derivatives

Answer 8

Chlorpheniramine - For allergic rhinitis and
conjunctivitis, as well
as common cold

Question 9

First-Generation Antihistamines
- Patients taking OTC cold r

Ethanolamine Derivatives

Answer 9

Clemastine fumarate
For common cold,
allergic rhinitis, and
urticaria

SE: tachycardia and urinary
retention

Diphenhydramine -
Prevents and treats
nausea, vomiting and
dizziness caused by
motion sickness.

SE: urinary retention
and hypotension.

Question 10

First-Generation Antihistamines
- Patients taking OTC cold r

Piperazine Derivatives

Levocetirizine

Answer 10

For allergic rhinitis and
chronic urticaria

Question 11

Second-Generation Antihistamines

Azelastine

Answer 11

● For allergic rhinitis
and conjunctivitis, as
well as pruritus
Route: nasal spray

Question 12

Second-Generation Antihistamines

Cetirizine

Answer 12

● Treats allergic
rhinitis, dermatitis,
and urticaria.

Question 13

Second-Generation Antihistamines

Loratadine (Alerta)

Answer 13

● For allergic rhinitis,
pruritus, and
urticaria

Question 14

Second-Generation Antihistamines

Desloratadine

Answer 14

● Treats seasonal and
non seasonal
allergic rhinitis,
pruritus, and
urticaria.

Question 15

Second-Generation Antihistamines

Answer 15

nd-Generation Antihistamines
- frequently called non-sedating antihistamines because they have little to no sedative
effect.

Question 16

Nasal decongestants

Answer 16

(sympathomimetic amines) stimulate the alpha-adrenergic
receptors, producing vascular constriction (vasoconstriction) of the capillaries within the
nasal mucosa.

Question 17

• Systemic decongestant

Answer 17

(alpha-adrenergic agonists) are available in tablet, capsule, and
liquid form and are used primarily for allergic rhinitis, including hay fever and acute coryza
(profuse nasal dischargE

Question 17

● Phenylephrine Hydrochloride

Answer 17

e- relieve nasal discomfort caused by colds and allergies.
SE: transient hypertension (NOTE: This can be found in common decongestants
available in the market)

Question 17

● Pseudoephedrine -

Answer 17

• For rhinitis,nasal congestion, and common cold.
  SE: dysrhythmia, hypertension and tachycardia.

Question 18

.
Intranasal Glucocorticoids

Answer 18

• effective for treating allergic rhinitis because they have an anti-inflammatory action, thus
  decreasing the allergic rhinitis symptoms of rhinorrhea, sneezing, and congestion.
  ●

Question 19

.
Intranasal Glucocorticoids

● Beclomethasone-

Answer 19

• relieve symptoms of rhinitis

Question 20

.
Intranasal Glucocorticoids

● Budesonide -

Answer 20

• reduce swelling and shrink nasal polyps.

Question 21

.
Intranasal Glucocorticoids

● Fluticasone -

Answer 21

• It is used for allergic rhinitis

Question 22

.
Intranasal Glucocorticoids

● Mometasone furoate -

Answer 22

• It is used for allergic rhinitis

Question 23

. Intranasal Glucocorticoids ● Triamcinolone -

Answer 23

- It is used for allergic rhinitis

Question 24

Antitussives -

Answer 24

- Act on the cough-center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex

Question 25

Antitussives Opioid Antitussives

Answer 25

Codeine CSS II - For pain and cough Codeine and guaifenesin - For cough and chest congestion.

Question 26

Nonopioid Antitussives

Answer 26

Benzonatate - Reduces cough reflux

Question 27

Example of Expectorant:

Answer 27

Guaifenesin Ambroxol

Question 28

Sinusitis

Answer 28

inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or more of the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, or sphenoid sinuses.

Question 29

Acute Pharyngitis

Answer 29

inflammation of the throat or “sore throat”

Question 30

Acute Pharyngitis Symptoms: Treatment

Answer 30

- Elevated temperature - Cough Antibiotics - given when positive for beta-hemolytic streptococci - Saline gargles - Lozenges - Increase fluid intake - NOTE: Antibiotics are not effective for viral pharyngitis.