GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DISORDERS Reporter 27 Flashcards
(15 cards)
Antiemetics
- should not be used until cause of vomiting is determined; unless if the
vomiting is severe (cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance)
Two major groups of antiemetics:
A. Nonprescription
Antihistamine Antiemetics
Meclizine
hydrochloride
Route: PO
I: nausea, vomiting, vertigo, motion sickness
SE: drowsiness, headache, fatigue, blurred vision, dry mouth
Diphenhydramine I: prevent allergic reactions to drugs, insects, food
Antagonist to histamine1 (H1) recepto
Two major groups of antiemetics:
. Prescription
Prescription Antiemetics
Antihistamine Act on the vomiting center; decreases stimulation of CTZ and vestibular pathway
Route: IM
I: postoperative nausea and vomiting, vertigo, anxiety, sedation induction
Contraindication: glaucoma
Anticholinergic
(Scopolamine)
Act on the vomiting center; decreases stimulation of CTZ and vestibular pathway
Route: PO or Transdermal patch
I: nausea and vomiting, motion sickness, IBS
Ipecac
diminished greatly but it is still used when indicated.
- appropriate for the client who is alert and administered within 60 minutes of poisoning
- Ipecac should be taken with glass of water (do not give with milk or carbonated
beverages)
Emetics and Absorbent
Emetics
Ipecac syrup
(OTC)
● Induces vomiting after poisoning
● Should be given within 60 minutes of poisoning to an alert and
conscious individual
Emetics and Absorbent
Absorbent
Charcoal
Promotes absorption of poison/toxic substances
● Promotes absorption of intestinal gas
● Neither drug is systemically absorbed
Travelers’ Diarrhea
- acute diarrhea caused by E. coli. Ordinarily lasts less than 2 days.
Loperamide (Immodium) -
used to slow peristalsis and decrease the frequency of defecation
Antidiarrheals
Opiates and Opiate-Related Agents
- decrease intestinal motility thereby decreasing peristalsis.
Diphenoxylate hydrochloride + atropine sulfate (Lomotil)
● Loperamide (Immodium)
Antidiarrheals
Adsorbents
acts by coating the wall of the GI tract and absorbing bacteria or toxins that cause
diarrhea.
● Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bistol, Kapectolin, Kaopectate)
● Activated charcoal (Charcocaps)
Antidiarrheals
Miscellaneous Antidiarrheals
prescribed to control diarrhea.
● Rifaximin (Xifaxan)
Laxative
Osmotic/
Salin
Hyperosmolar salts pull water into the
colon and increase water in the feces
to increase bulk, which stimulates
peristalsis
EX
Lactulos
Laxative
Stimulant or
contact
laxative
Increase peristalsis b irritating
sensory nerve endings in the
intestinal mucosa
EX bisacodyl
Laxative
Bulk-forming
laxatives
Absorb water into the intestine,
increasing fecal bulk and peristalsis
Laxative
Emollients/
Stool
softeners
Lower the surface tension and
promote water accumulation in the
intestine and stool
Docusate, colace
