Antihyperlipidemics and Peripheral Vasodilator Reporter 26

Question 1

Fat particles that can adhere to the walls of the arteries and restrict blood flow which in
turn creates a significant risk of heart attack and stroke. LIPIDS= HYPERLIPIDEMIA

Answer 1

Lipids -

Question 2

Antihyperlipidemics, antilipidemics, antilipemics, and hypolipidemics

Answer 2

• types of drugs used
  to maintain or decrease blood lipid concentrations and promote dilation of vessels

Question 3

Peripheral vasodilators

Answer 3

• improve blood flow as they dilate vessels that have been narrowed by
  vasospasm and blood viscosity reducer agents, which decrease viscosity of blood and increase
  erythrocyte flexibility

Question 4

Lipoprotein

Answer 4

• Substances made up of lipid-cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids that carry
  and transport lipids in the bloodstream

Question 5

4 Major Categories of Lipoprotein:

. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Answer 5

Also known as “friendly” or “good” lipoprotein.
- The smallest and densest lipoprotein.
- It contains more protein and less fat than the other.
- The function is to remove cholesterol from the bloodstream and deliver it to the liver for
excretion in bile.

Question 6

4 Major Categories of Lipoprotein:

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Answer 6

• “bad” lipoprotein.
• It contains 50% to 60% of cholesterol in the bloodstream.
• With an elevated LDL, the risk is greater for developing atherosclerotic plaques and
  heart disease

Question 7

4 Major Categories of Lipoprotein:

Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)

Answer 7

Carries mostly triglycerides and less cholesterol.

Question 8

4 Major Categories of Lipoprotein:

Chylomicrons

Answer 8

• Large particles that transport fatty acids and cholesterol to the liver.
• They are composed mostly of triglycerides,

Question 9

Prescribed drugs that lower lipid levels

Answer 9

▪ Bile acid sequestrants
▪ Fibrates (fibric acid)
▪ Nicotinic acid
▪ Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
▪ Statin

Question 10

ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMICS

Cholestyramine

Answer 10

Bile-acid sequestrant
used as an adjunct to the statins
Reduces LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels
Effective against hyperlipidemia type II

Question 10

ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMICS

Gemfibrozil

Answer 10

Fibric acid derivative
Reducing triglyceride and VLDL levels
Should not be taken with Anticoagulants

Question 10

Homocysteine

Answer 10

• Found in egg, chicken, beef and cheddar cheese.
• Promote blood clotting
• Diagnose homocystinuria
• Screen for heart disease
• Deficiency in Vit. B12, B6 and folic acid

Question 11

Peripheral Vasodilators

Answer 11

Increases blood flow to the extremities.
- Effective for disorders that result from vasospasm.

Question 12

Peripheral Vasodilators
DRUGS:

Cilostazol

Answer 12

• Antiplatelet
  arterial vasodilation
  Common Adverse Effect:
  ● Headache
  ● Diarrhea
  ● Abnormal stools
  On-set of action: 1-12 weeks

Question 13

MEDICATION FOR ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMICS AND PERIPHERAL DRUG FLOW
Drugs that lower lipid levels include:

Answer 13

Bile-acid sequestrants

Fibrates (fibric acid)

Nicotinic acid

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors

Question 13

Peripheral Vasodilators
DRUGS:

Pentoxifylline

Answer 13

• Hemorrhagic agent or blood viscosity reducer agent
• Improves microcirculation, tissue perfusion
• Prescribed for Bueger Disease
• Taken with foods
• Avoid smoking —–> causes vasoconstriction
  Overdose Reaction:
  Tachycardia, Areflexia and GI bleeding

Question 14

MEDICATION FOR ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMICS AND PERIPHERAL DRUG FLOW

Bile-acid sequestrants-

Answer 14

• Bile acid sequestrants are polymeric compounds that serve as
  ion-exchange resins. Bile acid sequestrants exchange anions such as chloride ions for bile acids

Question 15

MEDICATION FOR ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMICS AND PERIPHERAL DRUG FLOW

Fibrates (fibric acid)

Answer 15

• Fibric acid derivatives (fibrates) are a class of medication that lowers blood
  triglyceride levels. Fibrates lower blood triglyceride levels by reducing the liver’s production of
  VLDL and by speeding up the removal of triglycerides from the blood.

Question 16

MEDICATION FOR ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMICS AND PERIPHERAL DRUG FLOW

Nicotinic acid

Answer 16

An organic compound and a form of vitamin B3, an essential human nutrient.
Niacin as a dietary supplement is used to treat pellagra, a disease caused by niacin deficiency

Question 17

MEDICATION FOR ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMICS AND PERIPHERAL DRUG FLOW

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors

Answer 17

• Cholesterol absorption inhibitors are used to treat high
  cholesterol in people who cannot take a statin. This medicine lowers total cholesterol and LDL
  (bad) cholesterol. This medicine is used along with lifestyle changes including diet and exercise
  to lower cholestero

Question 18

Statins

Answer 18

Statin drugs work by blocking the action of the liver enzyme that is responsible for producing
cholesterol . Too much cholesterol in the blood can cause a buildup of plaque on the walls of
the arteries. That buildup can eventually cause the arteries to narrow or harden.

Question 19

Cholesterol level will be

Answer 19

<200 mg/dL