AOTM Lesson Plan 20 And 21 Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
In many cities the modern aerial ladder truck has become a multipurpose what?
A
Rescue and emergency unit
2
Q
Each manufacturer builds their aerials under rigid specifications with wide margins of what?
A
Safety
3
Q
Factors such as type of emergency involved, make of the apparatus and its limitations will dictate the what for any given situation?
A
Operational procedure
4
Q
What of the apparatus cannot be overemphasized in its importance?
A
Proper spotting
5
Q
Stability of the aerial ladder and outside influences such as overhead wires and steepness of grades are considerations when selecting a what for positioning an aerial ladder for raising?
A
Spot
6
Q
What is mounted on a shaft to permit vertical movement or raising, and a turntable to permit horizontal movement or rotation?
A
The ladder
7
Q
What is attached securely to the truck chassis to provide a working platform?
A
Turntable
8
Q
When an aerial ladder is resting against a building, the stress on the turntable consists only of static weight of the ladder and operating mechanism known as what type of stability?
A
Supported
9
Q
When the aerial ladder is this type of stability, twisting or torque force is added, as the ladder rotated in an arc toward a right angle of the truck, the torque shits the load on the chassis toward the side of the ladder movement?
A
Unsupported
10
Q
What is used by tying the tractor chassis rigidly to the rear axle, pass this load change directly to the tires?
A
Spring locks
11
Q
What prevents tilt of the turntable and relieves the tires of added weight?
A
Ground jacks
12
Q
In selecting a spot, before raising the aerial ladder, the most level and solid what available consistent with immediate requirements?
A
Footing
13
Q
Proper what from a building depends on height of extension required, planned use of the ladder, and other conditions at the emergency?
A
Distance
14
Q
The best climbing angles are from what degrees inclination from the horizontal, at these angles with too supported the ladder will carry its maximum load?
A
70 to 80 degrees
15
Q
Proper placement for maximum stability and preferred climbing angle is a matter of what 2 things?
A
Experience and good judgement
16
Q
In downtown, the curbs are approximately how many feet from the building line?
A
11 feet
17
Q
Aerial ladder operators in downtown are confronted with what 2 situations?
A
Where spot can be made close to curb
Where spot must be made outside line of parked cars
18
Q
Where the spot can be made next to the curb, the aerial ladder can operate between what floors and maintain a climbing angle of 70 and 80?
A
5th and 8th floor
19
Q
Any operation below what floor will result in climbing angles of less than 70 degrees?
A
5th floor
20
Q
Where the spot is made outside of the line of cars, any operation below what floor will be conducted at a climbing angle of less than 70 degrees?
A
7th floor
21
Q
As most spots have to be made outside the line of cars, it is not unusual to see aerial ladder operations in downtown conducted with climbing angles considerably less than what degree?
A
70
22
Q
On some streets in downtown there are so many what that it is impossible to raise an aerial ladder, safe operations can be conducted with proper planning?
A
Overhead wires
23
Q
When approaching a spot with overhead obstructions, it may be possible to select a spot, do what and place hacks to raise the ladder without difficult?
A
Jack knife
24
Q
In other cases with overhead obstructions it may be necessary to raise the main ladder out of the bed and then do what to the truck with the main ladder raised (engage spring locks before raise aerial)?
A
Jockey the truck
25
When you jockey the truck, it is safe to move the apparatus with the main ladder raised, but do not move the ladder when it is what?
Extended
26
The strength of what type of construction of the aerial ladder depends more upon design than upon the innate strength of materials?
Cantilever bridge construction
27
The design of the aerial ladder does not allow what type of stress as an important factor?
Side stress
28
All ladders are stronger with load applied what to the rungs than when the load is applied in a sideways direction?
Perpendicular
29
The rungs of an aerial ladder may be considered what any time that they are not parallel with the horizontal plane of the earths surface?
Tilted
30
When the aerial ladder is being operated on level ground, the rungs will remain what with the earths surface when raised in any position?
Parallel
31
When operating on inclines, the rungs will remain parallel with the earths surface of the truck is in what position and parallel with the curb, if the ladder is raised either over can or over the trailer?
In line
32
When operating on an incline with the truck inline and parallel with the curb, the rungs will be what at anytime that the ladder is raised to any position not in line with the truck?
Tilted
33
On an incline, the tilt will increase as the ladder is moved from an inline position to what angle from the inline position?
90 degree angle
34
On an incline, the tilt with a what degree angle from inline position will be only 1/2 as great as the tilt at a 90 degree angle?
45 degrees
35
Any time that the rungs of a ladder are tilted, a portion of the weight of the ladder and the load (if any) acts how on the ladder?
Sideways
36
The sideways weight or load on the aerial is caused by a shift in the center of what from the center of the rungs toward 1 side or the other?
Gravity
37
The center of gravity will shift toward what side of the tilt of the ladder on an incline?
Lowside
38
The side stress is immediately apart to who because of the increasing difficult of operation when on an incline?
Aerial ladder operator
39
To compensate for excessive street grades, spot the apparatus on what side of the slope from the area of operation?
Downslope
40
If heading down hill, it is necessary that the operator spot how where he intends to raise the aerial?
Pass the spot (pull pass)
41
If headed uphill, the operator should spot how if the intended point of raising the aerial ladder?
Stop short
42
When on an incline, what are the 2 reasons for pulling pass (going downhill) or stopping short (going uphill)?
Reduces rung tilt and apparatus is more stable with ladder extended uphill than down
43
When on an incline, extending the aerial uphill is because the lower the hoisted angle, the less load it will safely carry, due to what affect?
Fulcrum affect
44
An aerial ladder working on an incline is working at a lower angle with the horizon when raised to the 6th floor and spotted where?
Uphill rather than downhill
45
When raising aerial ladders to upper floors when working on an incline, how many beams of the ladder will rest against the building?
1 beam (operate as unsupported)
46
What is a trade term and in fire department terminology means to turn the tractor of the truck at an angle to the trailer?
Jack knife
47
The ideal angle for jack knife is what degrees from inline and away from the direction of ladder extension called an outside jack knife?
60 degrees
48
When the tractor is jack knifed as much as how many degrees, the truck stability is more than twice as great as when in the inline position?
30 degrees
49
Jack knifing is not always possible due to what 3 types of obstructions?
Narrow streets, alleys, and overhead obstructions
50
When an aerial ladder is rotated in a what to a position at right angles to the truck, a load is added to 1 side of the chassis, springs, and tires which cause additional tire compression on the side of ladder movement?
Arc
51
To overcome the roll of torque action in the ladder and to provide stability when operating on right angles of the truck what is provided?
Spring locks and ground jacks
52
What are the 2 functions of the spring locks and ground jacks?
Controls shift in weight and limits transference of load to the springs or tires on operating side
53
What is used for locking the tractor frame rigidly to the tractor rear axle and should always be engaged before the aerial is raised, excessive sag is prevented to one side of the turntable when aerial is in use?
Spring locks
54
What should be used at all times when the footing is solid?
Ground jacks
55
If footing is not solid, it may be best to depend on what for support and not the ground jacks to control the shift in weight?
Duals
56
Any movement of the ladder caused by sinking ground jacks when not on solid footing, it may cause the force at the end of the ladder to do what to the truck?
Tip over
57
Never set the ground jacks in other than what position cause it could cause the trailer to be forced into a tilt when swung in line with the truck?
Perpendicular
58
When the ground jacks are set correctly, the offside jack may leave the ground how much but resets itself when the ladder is brought in line with the truck?
1 inch or more
59
When should the chock blocks be placed?
As soon as apparatus is properly spotted
60
On level terrain, which wheels should be chocked on the side on which the ladder is to be raised at the front and rear?
Duals
61
On an incline, where should the chock blocks be placed?
Downgrade side of rear tractor wheels
62
Before leaving his seat, the driver should do what 3 things?
Set hand brake
Engage PTO
Move throttle control switch to ON
63
Who should swing the tiller wheel and seat clear of the ladder and remove and properly stow the tiller post?
Tillerman
64
Very little time is gained by doing what simultaneously because either function is slowed down by adding the other?
Hoisting and extending
65
Control levers should be moved slowly and evenly from 1 position to the other and always returned to what position before another operation is started?
“Neutral” position
66
It is best to have the ladder hoisted to at least what degree before operating the other controls?
45 degrees
67
Move control lever slowly at all times to avoid a jerky motion and consequent what movement of the ladder?
“Whip”
68
When rotating, move the rotation control lever slowly in what direction depending upon the direction of rotation desired?
Forward or backwards
69
Doing what along the ladder will reveal whether or not the ladder has been elevated sufficiently, and proper adjustment can be made by means of the hoist control lever?
Sighting
70
When sighting the ladder, the aim should be somewhat above the what against which the ladder is to rest?
Coping or window ledge
71
When the ladder has been rotated to proper position, return the lever to the neutral position and lock the turntable by means of what lock?
Turntable lock
72
If the aerial is to be raised to a roof coping, extend it how many feet above the wall?
Several
73
For windows and fire escape balconies, raise the ladder how many feet above the sill or railing?
1 foot
74
When the ladder has been extended to the proper position, operate what lock lever to engage the locking pawls and move the extension control lever to permit the extension to drift against the pawls, then return to neutral?
Ladder lock lever
75
When the ladder is in position after lowering it into the building, close which valve to prevent leakage back through the control valve with consequent slow drifting of the ladder?
Lock valve
76
If there are prospects of remaining in the same position for a considerable period of time, what should be disengaged and the engine turned off?
Hydraulic pump (PTO)
77
When the ladder is to be lowered, first do what a short distance from the building, then extend the ladder a few inches to clear the ladder locking pawls, and release the ladder lock lever?
Raise it away
78
When bedding the aerial, rotate the turntable until what lines up indicating the ladder is in the bedding position?
The arrows line up
79
When avoiding overhead obstructions such as electric wires and cables, it may be necessary to do what to the truck to raise the aerial?
Jockey
80
If you are going to jockey the truck, engage what before raising the ladder?
Spring locks
81
With men on an unsupported aerial ladder, it is important that the ground jacks be placed in solid footing and that the tractor is in what position?
Jack knife
82
If the aerial ladder is to be used unsupported, the preferred angle is what degrees?
70 to 80 degrees
83
For an unsupported ladder at 70 to 80 degrees, the ladder will support with safety how many men evenly spaced?
3 men
84
When unsupported, how many mean can be on the fly section?
1 man
85
Metal aerials in the department are designed to support what with safety?
Heavy loads
86
One make of metal aerial ladders has been tested with how many pounds evenly distributed over the ladder without any signs of stress at 70 degrees fully extended, supported?
2400 pounds
87
Concentrating the load in the middle of the ladder span when supported at the top approximately adds how much to the stress over that imposed if the load is distributed?
Doubles
88
When an aerial ladder is being used in a cantilever position and the load is concentrated at the top, the leverage on the turntable is what that if this load is distributed over the entire length?
Much greater
89
Leverage action can be compared to the use of a what, and the further out on it, the weight is exerted, the greater the force at the fulcrum?
Crow bar
90
At what degree from horizontal, 6 180 pound men impose about the same stress 8 men at 70 degrees?
60 degrees
91
At what degree, the same stress is imposed by 4 men as the 6 mean at 60 degrees and 8 mean at 70 degrees?
45 degrees
92
When an aerial ladder is used unsupported or supported and require heavy use, an operator should stationed where?
At the controls
93
Who is responsible for controlling ladder traffic and use, depending upon the situation?
Aerial operator
94
For an 85 and 100 foot aerial ladder fully extended supported, how many men can be in the ladder at 70 to 80 degrees?
8
95
For an 85 and 100 foot aerial ladder fully extended supported, how many men can be in the ladder at 60 degrees?
6
96
For an 85 and 100 foot aerial ladder fully extended supported, how many men can be in the ladder at 45 degrees?
4
97
For an 85 and 100 foot aerial ladder fully extended supported, how many men can be in the ladder at 30 degrees?
3
98
For angles below what degrees and supported, the apparatus must be jack knifed and 2 men is the limit on the fly section?
45 degrees
99
A quick method of determining maximum man load is to divide the horizontal distance in feet between the base of the ladder and the building on which it rests by what number?
270 (ex: 270 divided by 40 feet is 6 men)
100
For an 85 and 100 foot aerial ladder fully extended unsupported, how many men can be in the ladder at 70 to 80 degrees?
4
101
For an 85 and 100 foot aerial ladder fully extended unsupported, how many men can be in the ladder at 60 degrees?
3
102
For an 85 and 100 foot aerial ladder fully extended unsupported, how many men can be in the ladder at 45 degrees?
2
103
For an 85 and 100 foot aerial ladder fully extended unsupported, how many men can be in the ladder at 0 to 30 degrees?
0
104
For angles below what degree and unsupported, the apparatus must be jack knifed and only 1 man is limited on the fly section?
70 degrees
105
At extreme emergencies where an immediate life hazard exits, what 6 factors which control the truck stability must be evaluated before consideration before deviations are made from standards and limitations of the aerial ladder?
```
Extension or reach required
Inclination of ladder
Street grade
In line of jack knife apparatus
Footing under wheels and ground jacks
Load, apparatus, wind, and terrain conditions
```
106
When rescuing trapped persons from upper floors, it is imperative that the truck be placed in the most what position possible?
Stable
107
During rescues on upper floors, the aerial ladder will probably be used in what position extensively?
Cantilever
108
To expedite a rescue of persons trapped, it may be possible to move rescued persons to adjacent what with the aerial?
Roofs
109
In some cases with rescues, of the ladder is extended a considerable distance, it may be necessary for persons to do what before transfer can be made to points of safety?
Partially descend
110
Occasionally an aerial ladder is called upon to perform unusual functions at an emergency, including acting as a what for rigging during rescue operations?
Tower
111
The aerial ladder cannot be considered a what since it’s load carrying ability is limited?
Derrick
112
For lower level rescues, the aerial ladder will operate at low angles, set the truck facing either directly toward or directly away from load, in other words, what direction of the load?
Parallel
113
When rigging a rope or cable on the aerial ladder, it should be attached to the block head of what section?
Second section
114
Do not use which section unless absolutely necessary, if used it should be retracted as soon as conditions permit?
Fly section
115
What attached at the proper place could be used to good advantage in lower level rescue operations?
Hose roller
116
If what is not readily available and immediate action is necessary to lift an injured person from roofs, pits, cave-in, etc, use a padded straight ladder or half open life net rigged with rope as an improvised sling?
Blake bag or litter basket
117
During high winds, what mph and over should you use extra caution in operating the aerial ladder?
35 mph
118
For 35 mph winds or more, it may be advisable to attach guy ropes to the top of the fly if it extended above how many feet?
75 feet
119
Under normal conditions, when ground jacks are in place in concrete streets or black top, they do not provide a what for an electrically charged apparatus?
Ground
120
When ground jacks rest on what, it provided a ground for an electrically charged apparatus?
Rail or puddle of water
121
When an electrically charged wife contacts the aerial and any metal parts of the truck is becomes electrically charged, any person who is what that comes in contact with the truck can be electrocuted?
Grounded
122
If the ladder actually makes contact with wires, the safest course for the operator to follow is do what until the power is off?
Touch nothing
123
If an aerial ladder comes in contact with wires, personnel on ladder should keep hands and feet on what until the circuit is cut?
Rubber covered rungs
124
If it is necessary for personnel to get off the truck when it is electrically charged, jump clear of the truck how?
Both feet (do not make contact with ground while still making contact with apparatus)
125
Ventilation with the aerial ladder by breaking windows out can be accomplished by doing what rather than dropping or lowering ladder against window from due to possibility of ladder damage?
Extend fly into glass panes
126
When breaking glass with the aerial ladder, beware of what come down the ladder as well as under the window?
Glass trailing
127
Fires that are of such magnitude beyond capacity of handlines, heavy duty streams such as what 3 things may be necessary?
Wagon batteries, monitors, and water towers
128
In order to improve the protection supplied to a rapidly growing city, the department is adding what to the list of available heavy stream appliances?
Ladder pipes
129
A ladder pipe is a heavy stream appliance comparable to what 2 master streams?
Wagon battery and monitor
130
Is the nozzle reaction of ladder pipes greater than those of wagon batteries and monitors that should be given more consideration?
Yes
131
How many companies are required to place a ladder pipe into service?
2 companies (truck and engine)
132
What is a highly mobile heavy stream that can be used where other streams are not practice?
Ladder pipe
133
What 5 reasons should a ladder pipe be considered for use?
```
Upper levels of multi stories
Improvised dry standpipe
Roof areas (not otherwise accessible)
Large open areas
Protect exposures
```
134
Ladder pipes should only be operated on upper floors of multi stories long enough to effect a what on the main body of the fire?
Knockdown
135
What type of attack on the fire will cause the volume and intensity of the fires to be greatly reduced when using ladder pipe on roof areas not otherwise accessible?
Indirect
136
When operating a ladder pipe, clear and adequate communications among what 4 members is of prime importance?
Officers, ladder operator, ladder pipe operator, and pump operators
137
Many ladder operators are totally unfamiliar with the advantage of utilizing what 2 gauges as aids in measuring the capabilities and limitations of aerial ladders?
System pressure and cylinder gauges
138
The gauges may be used to indicate what kind of pressure imposed upon the ladders by nozzle reaction when ladder pipes are used?
Back pressure
139
The nozzle reaction of ladder pipes is present when what type of tips are used, demand the operators be fully familiar with gauges?
Large straight tips
140
Raising or lowering pressures, altering horizontal direction of stream, and extending or lowering the ladder will change the effects of what upon the aerial ladder during ladder pipe use?
Nozzle reaction
141
For most aerial trucks it is desirable to prevent ladder pipe nozzle reaction from reducing cylinder pressure to less than what psi?
100 psi
142
Should cylinder pressure be reduced below 100 psi, complete control of ladder movement is doubtful and when the pressure is reduced to what psi, positive control is lost?
0 psi
143
What type of valve will prevent any backward movement of the ladder while the hoist lever is in neutral?
Back pressure check valve
144
To lower the ladder while using a ladder pipe, to counteract excessive nozzle reaction reduce the nozzle pressure or direct the stream in what direction parallel to the beam of the ladder?
Upward
145
For ladder pipe, it is recommended that how many ground jacks are used for stability and prevention of tipping of the truck?
Both ground jacks
146
Lines on a ladder for ladder pipe are not to be loaded until the inclination reaches what degree?
50 degrees
147
What is particularly important in loading lines on an aerial ladder that is being hoisted into position?
Timing
148
Coordination between what 2 members can do much toward proper timing of ladder pipe operation to avoid unnecessary weight on the ladder and to prevent the ladder pipe operator and aerial ladder to excessive heat from the fire?
Ladder operator and pump operator
149
To prevent exposure of the aerial to heat and unnecessary weight during ladder pipe, first rotate the ladder to face the fire then do what if necessary?
Extend
150
If using an improvised ladder pipe, avoid directing a stream which way from the aerial ladder this stress may be dangerous?
Sidewise
151
The nozzle should be moved slowly for improvised ladder pipe, if more than a how many degree horizontal sweep from center is required, it is best to rotate the turntable preferably by hand crank to prevent sidewise loading on aerial ladder?
15 degrees
152
When placing an aerial ladder truck for ladder pipe operation, it is desirable to make a close approach to the building if the use of what type of stream is contemplated for better stream penetration?
Spray stream
153
Before the ladder is extended, lowered, or rotated, who must understand that such movement is to occur during ladder pipe operation?
Ladder pipe operator
154
If adequate communication is not available between the ground and ladder pipe operator, it is good practice to periodically relieve the ladder pipe operator with who that posses the latest knowledge of the fire situation?
Fresh man
