TB 56 - Basic Radiation Protection

Question 1

What term refers to such sources as visible light, radio waves, as well as ionizing radiation?

Answer 1

Radiation

Question 2

What 2 categories are there of radiation?

Answer 2

Non-ionizing: microwaves and infared

Ionizing: alpha, beta, gamma

Question 3

Ionizing radiation is radiation that can produce what in any material it strikes?

Answer 3

Charged particles (ions)

Question 4

Atoms that emit ionizing radiation are said to be what?

Answer 4

Radioactive

Question 5

When an atom rearranges itself to achieve a more stable condition, it will give off radiation which is called what?

Answer 5

Decay

Question 6

The time it takes for 1/2 of the radioactive material to decay is called what if a material?

Answer 6

Half life

Question 7

Half lives vary from fractions of a second to thousands of years, this is referred to as what?

Answer 7

Physical half life

Question 8

What particles is the least penetrating of the 3 ionizing radiation which does not even penetrate first layer of skin?

Answer 8

Alpha particles

Question 9

What particles is high speed with moderate penetrating power, can penetrate skin and tissue and requires a few millimeters of aluminum or thick book to stop them?

Answer 9

Beta

Question 10

Which particle has the most penetrating type of radiation and can travel many meters in air and many centimeters of tissue, x-ray is an example of this radiation?

Answer 10

Gamma

Question 11

Specific terms used in measuring radioactivity are what terms?

Answer 11

Activity
Exposure
Dose
Dose equivalent

Question 12

What is the measurement (unit) for exposure?

Answer 12

Roentgen (R)

Question 13

1 roentgen represents the amount of exposure necessary to produce a certain number of ions in what of air?

Answer 13

1 cubic centimeter of air

Question 14

The measurement of ions in one cubic centimeter of air is expressed in what per hour?

Answer 14

Roentgen per hour (R/hr) or (mR/hr)

Question 15

1 roentgen equals how many milliroentgens?

Answer 15

1000

Question 16

Roentgen dose is that amount of radiation the total most is exposed to for how many hours?

Answer 16

1 hour

Question 17

What is the process which determines how active radioactive material is?

Answer 17

Radioactivity

Question 18

What is the presence of radioactive material on the human body or on any object where it can cause continued exposure?

Answer 18

Radioactive contamination

Question 19

Our major immediate concern in nuclear attack environments and for the most part in peacetime incidents are external or internal exposures?

Answer 19

External exposures

Question 20

When exposed to radiation, what 4 modes of entry are there into the body?

Answer 20

Inhalation
Ingestion
Absorption
Wounds

Question 21

Chronic exposure to radiation are considered late effects and can result in what?

Answer 21

Cancer or death

Question 22

How many roentgens and hour is the general population limited to?

Answer 22

1/2 R/hr

Question 23

How many roentgens and hour are emergency workers/firefighters limited to?

Answer 23

25 R/hr

Question 24

For life saving activities, how many roentgens and hour can you be exposed to?

Answer 24

75 to 100 roentgens and hour

Question 25

No deaths are likely to occur below about what roentgen and hour?

Answer 25

200 R/hr

Question 26

What 4 radiation protection factors that can alter radiation dose?

Answer 26

Time Distance Shielding Quantity

Question 27

The most important personnel contamination control measures with the use of what?

Answer 27

Protective clothing and SCBA

Question 28

How often are fallout forecasts prepared by the national weather bureau?

Answer 28

Twice a day

Question 29

Who has the authority over all radiological incidents?

Answer 29

United States government

Question 30

If personnel are suspected of being contaminated, remove their clothing and place in a plastic bag and mark the bag saying what?

Answer 30

Radioactive

Question 31

The disaster preparedness officer (DPO) is a captain II and is assigned an emergency sedan which has what radio?

Answer 31

Civil defense

Question 32

What is the typical radioactive warning placard size approximately?

Answer 32

10” x 10”

Question 33

Placards are required on all vehicles that transport what packages?

Answer 33

Yellow-III-labeled

Question 34

Approximately what size is the label that is required on package exterior?

Answer 34

4” x 4”

Question 35

Every shipment of radioactive material should be accompanied by what documents?

Answer 35

Shipping papers or bills of lading

Question 36

All shipments of radioactive material, with the exception of those containing limited quantities or those of low-level radiation bear how many identifying warning labels affixed to opposite sides of outer package?

Answer 36

2 labels

Question 37

What 3 different labels are used on the external surface of packages containing radioactive material?

Answer 37

White-I Yellow-II Yellow-III

Question 38

The shipper chooses and applies the label based upon who’s regulations governing the external radiation level, or type and quantity of radioactive material within package?

Answer 38

DOT

Question 39

White-I labels are required on packages that have almost no radiation of how many mR on surface?

Answer 39

0.5 mR/hr

Question 40

Yellow-II labels are required on packages with low radiation levels of 50 mR/hr maximum and 1 mR/hr at how many feet?

Answer 40

3 feet

Question 41

Yellow-III labels are required on packages with higher radiation levels 200 mR/hr maximum on surface, and 10 mR/hr at how many feet?

Answer 41

3 feet

Question 42

Rooms or areas posted with the sign “caution - high radiation area” should be entered only for what?

Answer 42

To rescue injured individuals or upon the advice of radiologists

Question 43

The most common radiation accidents involve what used in industrial radiography or nondestructive testing?

Answer 43

Sealed radioactive sources

Question 44

If contamination of accident victims is suspected, hospital emergency department personnel shall be alerted ASAP to prepare a radiation emergency area because it will take about how many minutes to prepare?

Answer 44

20-30 minutes

Question 45

Which body parts are the most sensitive to radiation to radiation?

Answer 45

``` Kidney Spleen Liver Bone marrow Reproductive organs ```

Question 46

Which body parts are the least sensitive to radiation?

Answer 46

Nerves and muscles

Question 47

The pocket dosimeter every how many minutes while in use in a radiation hazard area?

Answer 47

15 minutes

Question 48

The US government has authority over all radiological incidents with the authority further delegated by who?

Answer 48

LA Countt department of health services