Flashcards in Biology Exam Chapter 1&2 Deck (84):
1
Which one of the following statements about brown pelicans is false?a) are scavengers, feeding slowly by skimming up floating remains of fishb) can nest on the ground or in treesc) feed primarily on fishd) were greatly affected by human use of pesticides
Are scavengers, feeding slowly by skimming up floating remains of fish
2
Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which one of the following sequences illustrates that hierarchy as it increases in complexity?
Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, population, community, ecosystem
3
The tree in your backyard is home to two cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp's nest, two squirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together, all of these organisms represent
A community
4
If you eat a hamburger, you're mainly eating ground up beef muscle. what levels of organization are represented in this ground up muscle?
Organism, population, and community
5
Which of the following statements about ecosystems is false?
Bacteria and fungi recycle energy within an ecosystem
6
The ultimate source of energy flowing into nearly all ecosystems is
Sunlight
7
A consumer eating a producer represents
A transfer of chemical nutrients and energy
8
Which of the following, if any, is not a common cellular activity?a) cells respond to the environmentb) cells develop and maintain complex organizationc) cells take in and use energyd) cells regulate their internal environmente) all of the choices are common cellular activities
All of the choices are common cellular activities
9
The formation of systems typically results in the appearance of novel characteristics called
Emergent properties
10
Your instructor asks you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will be looking for a cell that
Has a membrane
11
Which of the following is/are properties of life?a) a complex organizationb) the ability to take in energy and use itc) the ability to respond to stimuli from the environmentd) the ability to reproducee) all of the choices are correct
All of the choices
12
Which of the following statements is correct?a) Genes are proteins that produce DNAb) Each organism has its own unique DNA codec) Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNAd) Each DNA molecule is a single strand of nucleotides
Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA
13
Which of the following is false? Living systemsa) are composed of two or more cellsb) maintain a relatively consistent internal environmentc) respond to changes in the environmentd) encode their genetic information in DNAe) grow and develop
Are composed of two or more cells
14
Members of the Kingdom Animalia
Are composed of cells that lack a cell wall
15
Organisms that are not prokaryotes are in the domain
Eukarya
16
Which of the following is a kingdom within the Domain Eukarya?
Fungi
17
Organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae
are photosynthetic and contain cells that are surrounded by cell walls
18
Members of the Kingdom Fungi
include the mushrooms and yeasts, and decompose the remains of dead organisms and absorb nutrients from the leftovers
19
Which of the following statements is true of Domain Bacteria?a) All bacteria are "animal-like" in that they eat other organismsb) all bacteria have a membrane-bound nucleusc) all bacteria are multicellular organsimsd) all bacteria lack a nucleuse) all bacteria are "animal-like" in that they eat other organisms and all bacteria have a membrane-bound nucleus
All bacteria lack a nucleus
20
A scientist examining a group of cells under the microscope notices the presence of nuclei within these cells. Chemical tests reveal that each cell is surrounded by a wall composed of cellulose. These cells must come from an organism that is a member of the Kingdom
Plantae
21
Which of the following observations would provide the strongest evidence that the many different plants we call orchids are actually related to one another?
They all have the same common ancestor
22
The teeth of grain-eating animals (such as horses) are usually braod and ridged. This makes them suitable for grinding and chewing. Meat-eating animals (such as lions) have pointed teeth that are good for puncturing and ripping flesh. This illustrates
a result of natural selection and the connection between form and function
23
Which one of the following statements is not consistent with Darwin's mechanism of natural selection?a) individuals in a population exhibit variations, some of which are heritableb) individual organisms exhibit genetic change during their life spans to better fit their environmentc) factors in the environment result in some organisms with better reproductive success than othersd) natural selection is based in part on the overproduction of offspringe) natural selection can lead to the appearance of new species
Individual organisms exhibit genetic change during their life spans to better fit their environment
24
Evolution by natural selection relies upona) heritable variationb) overproduction of offspringc) a struggle for existenced) individual variatione) all of the choices are correct
All of the choices are correct
25
An antibiotic kills 99.9% of a bacterial population. You would expect the next generation of bacteria
to be more resistant to that antibiotic
26
Which of the following is/are true?a) individuals evolveb) organisms evolve structures because of needc) evolution is deliberate and purposefuld) evolution is a passive processe) all of the choices are true
Evolution is a passive process
27
Consider the following statement; "If all vertebrates have backbones, and turtles are vertebrates, then turtles have backbones." This statement is an example of
deductive reasoning
28
A hypothesis is
a tentative answer to some question
29
If a light switch is moved from the "off" to the "on" position, then the light will go on. This statementa) is the result of deductive reasoningb) is a conclusionc) can be testedd) can be falsifiede) all of the choices are correct
all of the choices are correct
30
You notice that over the past month, many students have started wearing a new style of school sweatshirt. You think to yourself, maybe the bookstore recently stated selling this new sweatshirt style. This prediction is
an example of a hypothesis
31
The role of a control in a experiment is to
provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group
32
To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be
testable and falsifiable
33
A scientist performs a controlled experiment. This means that
two experiments are conducted, one differing from the other by only a single variable
34
Which of the following best represents an example of technology?a) figuring out what mountain gorillas eatb) sequencing the human genomec) testing for genetic diseasesd) comparing the structure of a human and gorilla arme) identifying the cause of new contagious disease
testing for genetic diseases
35
Added to water in some communities to reduce tooth decay
fluoride
36
commonly added to table salt to prevent the formation of goiters
iodine
37
contains two or more elements in a fixed ratio
compound
38
the nucleus of an atom contains
protons and neutrons
39
electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in the same way that
insects fly around a bright lamp at night
40
the sodium atom contains 11 electrons, 11 protons, and twelve neutrons. What is the mass number of sodium
23 (electrons + neutrons)
41
the atomic number is
the number of protons in the atom
42
Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of seven electrons, seven protons, and seven neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could
have more than seven neutrons
43
can be use in conjunction with PET scans to diagnose a patient
radioactive isotopes
44
When full, the innermost electron shell of an atom contains __________ electrons, and the outermost shell contains _____________ electrons
2 and 8
45
The farther an electron is from the nucleus, the
greater its energy
46
forms when two atoms share electrons
covalent bond
47
what is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding
in covalent bonding, both partners end up with filled outer electron shells, in ionic bonding, one partner captures an electron from the other
48
the oxygen atom of a water molecule
is more electronegative than the hdrogen atoms
49
What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons
12
50
an uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have?
5
51
a hydrogen atom has 1 electron. How many bonds can hydrogen form?
1
52
in a water molecule, hydrogen and oxygen are held together by a(n) __________ bond
hydrogen
53
water's surface tension and heat storage capacity is accounted for by its
hydrogen bonds
54
the tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as
cohesion
55
when water dissociates, what is transferred from one water molecule to form a hydronium ion?
OH-
56
Why is biology important to me?
Biology is very important as it strives to tell us about the natural world around us. Biology can tell us about the physical makeup of our bodies, which enables us to develop cures and treatments for many diseases. It can also tell us about the bodies of other animals so we can provide clinical treatments for pets and farm animals.
Biology can also tell us about plants and how they can be beneficial to our bodies. Biology has given us ways to classify different animals and helps us to understand what they [animals] do to help and hurt our planet. Biology can help us know more about the organisms in our bodies. It can also tell us why humans and animals act the way they do. These are just a few reasons why biology is important.
57
a water molecule (H-O-H) is held together by
a single covalent bond
58
weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bridges between molecules
hydrogen bonds
59
the substance that is dissolved in a solution
a solute
60
donate OH- ions to solutions
bases
61
a solution with a pH of 7 is
neutral
62
a base that is used to offset overly acidic conditions in the body
buffer
63
What can each of us do to decrease the production of acid precipitation? We can
a) drive more fuel-efficient automobiles
b) decrease our consumption of coal-generated electricity
c) encourage the use of alternative energy resources such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy
d) whenever possible, walk or ride a bicycle instead of driving a car
e) all of the choices are ways to decrease the production of acid precipitation
all of the choices are ways to decrease the production of acid precipitation
64
living organisms are composed of about ____ chemical elemments
25
65
how many naturally occuring elements are there
92
66
the four main elements of the body
(name them and tell the percentage)
CHON
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
96.3%
67
How much sodium do we need?
0.2
68
are essential in minute quantities for proper biological functioning
trace elements
69
smallest unit of an element
atom
70
occupy the central region (nucleus) of an atom
protons and nuetrons
71
has a single positive charge
proton
72
electrically neutral
neutron
73
surrounds the nucleus
electrons
74
single negative charge
electron
75
number of protons; defines the element's unique properties
atomic number
76
an atoms mass number; is the sum of its protons and neutrons
atomic mass
77
atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses (different number of neutrons)
isotopes
78
two major types of chemical bonds between atoms form compounds
ionic and covalent bonds
79
occurs in many biologically important compounds (water, DNA, proteins)
hydrogen bonding
80
explain why ice is less dense than liquid water
because it has fewer molecules in the same volume
81
the solvent of life
water
82
a compound that releases H+ ions in a solution is an
acid
83
a compound that accepts H+ ions in a solution is a
base
84