Biology Exam Chapter 1&2

Question 1

Which one of the following statements about brown pelicans is false?a) are scavengers, feeding slowly by skimming up floating remains of fishb) can nest on the ground or in treesc) feed primarily on fishd) were greatly affected by human use of pesticides

Answer 1

Are scavengers, feeding slowly by skimming up floating remains of fish

Question 2

Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which one of the following sequences illustrates that hierarchy as it increases in complexity?

Answer 2

Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, population, community, ecosystem

Question 3

The tree in your backyard is home to two cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp’s nest, two squirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together, all of these organisms represent

Answer 3

A community

Question 4

If you eat a hamburger, you’re mainly eating ground up beef muscle. what levels of organization are represented in this ground up muscle?

Answer 4

Organism, population, and community

Question 5

Which of the following statements about ecosystems is false?

Answer 5

Bacteria and fungi recycle energy within an ecosystem

Question 6

The ultimate source of energy flowing into nearly all ecosystems is

Answer 6

Sunlight

Question 7

A consumer eating a producer represents

Answer 7

A transfer of chemical nutrients and energy

Question 8

Which of the following, if any, is not a common cellular activity?a) cells respond to the environmentb) cells develop and maintain complex organizationc) cells take in and use energyd) cells regulate their internal environmente) all of the choices are common cellular activities

Answer 8

All of the choices are common cellular activities

Question 9

The formation of systems typically results in the appearance of novel characteristics called

Answer 9

Emergent properties

Question 10

Your instructor asks you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will be looking for a cell that

Answer 10

Has a membrane

Question 11

Which of the following is/are properties of life?a) a complex organizationb) the ability to take in energy and use itc) the ability to respond to stimuli from the environmentd) the ability to reproducee) all of the choices are correct

Answer 11

All of the choices

Question 12

Which of the following statements is correct?a) Genes are proteins that produce DNAb) Each organism has its own unique DNA codec) Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNAd) Each DNA molecule is a single strand of nucleotides

Answer 12

Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA

Question 13

Which of the following is false? Living systemsa) are composed of two or more cellsb) maintain a relatively consistent internal environmentc) respond to changes in the environmentd) encode their genetic information in DNAe) grow and develop

Answer 13

Are composed of two or more cells

Question 14

Members of the Kingdom Animalia

Answer 14

Are composed of cells that lack a cell wall

Question 15

Organisms that are not prokaryotes are in the domain

Answer 15

Eukarya

Question 16

Which of the following is a kingdom within the Domain Eukarya?

Answer 16

Fungi

Question 17

Organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae

Answer 17

are photosynthetic and contain cells that are surrounded by cell walls

Question 18

Members of the Kingdom Fungi

Answer 18

include the mushrooms and yeasts, and decompose the remains of dead organisms and absorb nutrients from the leftovers

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of Domain Bacteria?a) All bacteria are “animal-like” in that they eat other organismsb) all bacteria have a membrane-bound nucleusc) all bacteria are multicellular organsimsd) all bacteria lack a nucleuse) all bacteria are “animal-like” in that they eat other organisms and all bacteria have a membrane-bound nucleus

Answer 19

All bacteria lack a nucleus

Question 20

A scientist examining a group of cells under the microscope notices the presence of nuclei within these cells. Chemical tests reveal that each cell is surrounded by a wall composed of cellulose. These cells must come from an organism that is a member of the Kingdom

Answer 20

Plantae

Question 21

Which of the following observations would provide the strongest evidence that the many different plants we call orchids are actually related to one another?

Answer 21

They all have the same common ancestor

Question 22

The teeth of grain-eating animals (such as horses) are usually braod and ridged. This makes them suitable for grinding and chewing. Meat-eating animals (such as lions) have pointed teeth that are good for puncturing and ripping flesh. This illustrates

Answer 22

a result of natural selection and the connection between form and function

Question 23

Which one of the following statements is not consistent with Darwin’s mechanism of natural selection?a) individuals in a population exhibit variations, some of which are heritableb) individual organisms exhibit genetic change during their life spans to better fit their environmentc) factors in the environment result in some organisms with better reproductive success than othersd) natural selection is based in part on the overproduction of offspringe) natural selection can lead to the appearance of new species

Answer 23

Individual organisms exhibit genetic change during their life spans to better fit their environment

Question 24

Evolution by natural selection relies upona) heritable variationb) overproduction of offspringc) a struggle for existenced) individual variatione) all of the choices are correct

Answer 24

All of the choices are correct

Question 25

An antibiotic kills 99.9% of a bacterial population. You would expect the next generation of bacteria

Answer 25

to be more resistant to that antibiotic

Question 26

Which of the following is/are true?a) individuals evolveb) organisms evolve structures because of needc) evolution is deliberate and purposefuld) evolution is a passive processe) all of the choices are true

Answer 26

Evolution is a passive process

Question 27

Consider the following statement; "If all vertebrates have backbones, and turtles are vertebrates, then turtles have backbones." This statement is an example of

Answer 27

deductive reasoning

Question 28

A hypothesis is

Answer 28

a tentative answer to some question

Question 29

If a light switch is moved from the "off" to the "on" position, then the light will go on. This statementa) is the result of deductive reasoningb) is a conclusionc) can be testedd) can be falsifiede) all of the choices are correct

Answer 29

all of the choices are correct

Question 30

You notice that over the past month, many students have started wearing a new style of school sweatshirt. You think to yourself, maybe the bookstore recently stated selling this new sweatshirt style. This prediction is

Answer 30

an example of a hypothesis

Question 31

The role of a control in a experiment is to

Answer 31

provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group

Question 32

To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be

Answer 32

testable and falsifiable

Question 33

A scientist performs a controlled experiment. This means that

Answer 33

two experiments are conducted, one differing from the other by only a single variable

Question 34

Which of the following best represents an example of technology?a) figuring out what mountain gorillas eatb) sequencing the human genomec) testing for genetic diseasesd) comparing the structure of a human and gorilla arme) identifying the cause of new contagious disease

Answer 34

testing for genetic diseases

Question 35

Added to water in some communities to reduce tooth decay

Answer 35

fluoride

Question 36

commonly added to table salt to prevent the formation of goiters

Answer 36

iodine

Question 37

contains two or more elements in a fixed ratio

Answer 37

compound

Question 38

the nucleus of an atom contains

Answer 38

protons and neutrons

Question 39

electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in the same way that

Answer 39

insects fly around a bright lamp at night

Question 40

the sodium atom contains 11 electrons, 11 protons, and twelve neutrons. What is the mass number of sodium

Answer 40

23 (electrons + neutrons)

Question 41

the atomic number is

Answer 41

the number of protons in the atom

Question 42

Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of seven electrons, seven protons, and seven neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could

Answer 42

have more than seven neutrons

Question 43

can be use in conjunction with PET scans to diagnose a patient

Answer 43

radioactive isotopes

Question 44

When full, the innermost electron shell of an atom contains __________ electrons, and the outermost shell contains _____________ electrons

Answer 44

2 and 8

Question 45

The farther an electron is from the nucleus, the

Answer 45

greater its energy

Question 46

forms when two atoms share electrons

Answer 46

covalent bond

Question 47

what is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding

Answer 47

in covalent bonding, both partners end up with filled outer electron shells, in ionic bonding, one partner captures an electron from the other

Question 48

the oxygen atom of a water molecule

Answer 48

is more electronegative than the hdrogen atoms

Question 49

What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons

Answer 49

12

Question 50

an uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have?

Answer 50

5

Question 51

a hydrogen atom has 1 electron. How many bonds can hydrogen form?

Answer 51

1

Question 52

in a water molecule, hydrogen and oxygen are held together by a(n) __________ bond

Answer 52

hydrogen

Question 53

water's surface tension and heat storage capacity is accounted for by its

Answer 53

hydrogen bonds

Question 54

the tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as

Answer 54

cohesion

Question 55

when water dissociates, what is transferred from one water molecule to form a hydronium ion?

Answer 55

OH-

Question 56

Why is biology important to me?

Answer 56

Biology is very important as it strives to tell us about the natural world around us. Biology can tell us about the physical makeup of our bodies, which enables us to develop cures and treatments for many diseases. It can also tell us about the bodies of other animals so we can provide clinical treatments for pets and farm animals. Biology can also tell us about plants and how they can be beneficial to our bodies. Biology has given us ways to classify different animals and helps us to understand what they [animals] do to help and hurt our planet. Biology can help us know more about the organisms in our bodies. It can also tell us why humans and animals act the way they do. These are just a few reasons why biology is important.

Question 57

a water molecule (H-O-H) is held together by

Answer 57

a single covalent bond

Question 58

weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bridges between molecules

Answer 58

hydrogen bonds

Question 59

the substance that is dissolved in a solution

Answer 59

a solute

Question 60

donate OH- ions to solutions

Answer 60

bases

Question 61

a solution with a pH of 7 is

Answer 61

neutral

Question 62

a base that is used to offset overly acidic conditions in the body

Answer 62

buffer

Question 63

What can each of us do to decrease the production of acid precipitation? We can a) drive more fuel-efficient automobiles b) decrease our consumption of coal-generated electricity c) encourage the use of alternative energy resources such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy d) whenever possible, walk or ride a bicycle instead of driving a car e) all of the choices are ways to decrease the production of acid precipitation

Answer 63

all of the choices are ways to decrease the production of acid precipitation

Question 64

living organisms are composed of about ____ chemical elemments

Answer 64

25

Question 65

how many naturally occuring elements are there

Answer 65

92

Question 66

the four main elements of the body | name them and tell the percentage

Answer 66

CHON Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen 96.3%

Question 67

How much sodium do we need?

Answer 67

0.2

Question 68

are essential in minute quantities for proper biological functioning

Answer 68

trace elements

Question 69

smallest unit of an element

Answer 69

atom

Question 70

occupy the central region (nucleus) of an atom

Answer 70

protons and nuetrons

Question 71

has a single positive charge

Answer 71

proton

Question 72

electrically neutral

Answer 72

neutron

Question 73

surrounds the nucleus

Answer 73

electrons

Question 74

single negative charge

Answer 74

electron

Question 75

number of protons; defines the element's unique properties

Answer 75

atomic number

Question 76

an atoms mass number; is the sum of its protons and neutrons

Answer 76

atomic mass

Question 77

atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses (different number of neutrons)

Answer 77

isotopes

Question 78

two major types of chemical bonds between atoms form compounds

Answer 78

ionic and covalent bonds

Question 79

occurs in many biologically important compounds (water, DNA, proteins)

Answer 79

hydrogen bonding

Question 80

explain why ice is less dense than liquid water

Answer 80

because it has fewer molecules in the same volume

Question 81

the solvent of life

Answer 81

water

Question 82

a compound that releases H+ ions in a solution is an

Answer 82

acid

Question 83

a compound that accepts H+ ions in a solution is a

Answer 83

base

Question 84

how is acidity measured on a pH scale?

Answer 84

from 0-14 0 most acidic 14 most basic