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Uworld Step 2 > Block 46, 47,48 ID > Flashcards

Block 46, 47,48 ID Flashcards

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1
Q

when does ventilator-associated pneumonia occur

A

48 hours or more after intubation

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2
Q

First step in management for ventilator-associated pneumonia

A

Chest x-ray

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3
Q

clinical features of Ehrlichiosis

A
  • acute febrile illness with malaise and altered mental status
  • not associated with rash
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4
Q

lab values for Ehrlichiosis

A

leukopenia
thrombocytopenia
elevated aminotransferases

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5
Q

treatment for Ehrlichiosis

A

Doxycycline

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6
Q

Second line treatment for Ehrlichiosis

A

Chloramphenicol

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7
Q

Enterococci species are common causes of infective endocarditis associated with

A

procedural manipulation of the urinary tract infection

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8
Q

Indications for corticosteroid use in Pneumocystis pneumonia include

A

PaO2 less than 70 mmHg
OR
A-a gradient greater than 35 on room air

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9
Q

where can one get blastomycosis

A

Great Lakes
Mississippi
Ohio River basin

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10
Q

lumbar puncture for herpes encephalitis

A
  • elevated wbc
  • lymphocytic predominance
  • normal glucose
  • elevated protein
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11
Q

what is Chlordiazepoxide used to treat

A

alcohol withdrawal in hospitalized patients

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12
Q

choice of antibiotics for immunocompromised patients with suspected bacterial meningitis

A

Cefepime, vancomycin, ampicillin

- corticosteroids: discontinue if an organism other than strep. pneumonia shows

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13
Q

When you have infective endocarditis, what is the best next step in management

A
  • Blood cultures before initiating antibiotics
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14
Q

Who and what is mycobacterium avium complex

A

infection found in HIV patients with CD less than 50

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15
Q

what is a PE and lab value finding for mycobacterium avium complex

A

splenomegaly

alkaline phosphatase

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16
Q

what prophylaxis treatment should mycobacterium avium complex patients get

A

azithromycin

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17
Q

what does BCG vaccine stand for

A

Bacille Calmette-Guerin

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18
Q

common antibiotic options for anaerobic coverage include

A
  1. metronidazole with amoxicillin
  2. amoxicillin-clavulanate
  3. clindamycin
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19
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

A
  • acute, febrile reaction–> rapid destruction of spirochetes
  • less than 12 hours after initial treatment of syphilis
  • headache, myalgias, rigors, sweating, hypotension, worsening of syphilitic rash
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20
Q

what is immune reconstruction inflammatory syndrome

A

HIV pts initiated on highly active antiretroviral txt,

- paradoxical worsening of infectious symptoms due to immune system improvement

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21
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum is a major cause of what

A

chronic diarrhea in pts with HIV

CD count less than 180

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22
Q

difference between acute HIV and EBV

A

HIV: rash and diarrhea
EBV: tonsillar exudates

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23
Q

what does RPR stand for

A

rapid plasma reagent

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24
Q

highest sensitivity testing for syphillis

A

florescent treponemal antibody absorption

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25
pathergy test is useful for diagnosing what
Bechet syndrome: oral ulcers and multiple, painful genital ulcers
26
many hospitalized patients with pyelonephritis can be transitioned to what after 48 hours of symptom improvement
culture-guided oral antibiotics
27
where is sporothrix schenckii
decaying vegetation and soil
28
treatment for sporothrix schenckii
itraconazole
29
infective endocarditis most likely impacts what heart valve
mitral regurgitation
30
antinuclear antibody can detect what
lupus
31
what secondary bacterial penumonia do younger people get after influenza? Describe what you see on X-ray?
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus | - multilobar cavitary infiltrates
32
what does peptostreptococcus cause
putrid sputum and abscess/empyema pulmonary infection
33
hilar adenopathy is more suggestive of blastomyces or histoplasmosis
histoplasmosis
34
characteristic of brown recluse spider bites
red plaque or papule with central clearing
35
how do you get cutaneous larva migrans
hookworm larvae | - barefoot on contaminated sand or soil
36
treatment for cutaneous larva migrans
Ivermectin
37
how big does a TB skin test must get to be considered positive
15mm greater
38
treatment guides for Penumocystis pneumonia
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole - add corticosteroids when pulse ox is less than 92% PaO2 less 70 and aa greater than 35
39
most common cause of community-acquired Infective endocarditis
streptococcal infection
40
most common cause of healthcare-associated infective endocarditis
Staphylococcal infection
41
difference between Strept. bovis and Strept. sanguinis
bovis: UC of colon Sanguinis: viridans group of strep found orally
42
how does Giardia physically impact the small intestines
blunts microvilli
43
clinical feature of viral gastroenteritis
Both vomiting and diarrhea
44
what lab value is increased for penumocystis jirovecii
lactate dehydrogenase is elevated
45
anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies are associated with what
rheumatoid factor
46
Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies associated with
SLE
47
mixed cryoglobuliemia associated with
chronic hepatitis C
48
risk factors for C. diff
- hospitalization - advanced age - antibiotic use
49
paitents with plantar puncture wounds through footware are at risk for
pseudomonas aeruginosa osteomyelitis
50
condyloma acuminata is associated with what
papillomavirus
51
Ludwig angina
mandibular molar infections leading to cellulitis of the submandibular space
52
if you see a tick what should you do
- remove tick with tweezers | - no prophylaxis needed for lyme disease of tick is attached for less than 36 hours
53
name 3 bacteria that cause bloody diarrhea
- E. coli - Shigella - Campylobacter
54
who is recommended to hep A vaccine
- gay men - countries where hep A is endemic - chronic liver disease
55
when do you not give rabies postexposure prophylaxis
Domesticated animals, and animal must be observed for 10 days
56
patients who receive a solid organ transplant are at risk or what opportunistic infections
1. pneumocystis pneumonia | 2. CMV (multiple organ involvement)
57
unvaccinated individuals should receive what for hep B infection
Both HB vaccine and HB immune globulin
58
Treatment for CMV esophagitis
ganciclovir
59
Herpes simplex esophagitis treatment
acyclovir
60
difference between herpes simplex esophagitis and CMV esophagitis
herpes: small, well-circumscribed round/ovoid ulcer and intracellular inclusions CMV: large linear ulcers and intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions
61
second line treatment for pneumocystis pneumonia
Pentamide
62
treatment for cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
amphotericin B plus flucytosine followed by fluconazole
63
Do you usually get fever with echinococcus granulosis
no
64
when should one be screened for Hep C
blood transfusions before 1992
65
Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine treat what
toxoplasmosis
66
Clarithromycina and Ethambutol is used to treat
MAC | Mycobacterium avium complex
67
Bright red, firm, friable, exophytic nodules in an HIV infected patient most likely ave
bacillary angiomatosis
68
Penumocystis may cause nodular and papular cutaneous lesions where in HIV patients
external auditory meatus

Uworld Step 2 (30 decks)

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