Pediatrics 6, 8

Question 1

When is a lymph node a concerned finding

Answer 1

• greater than 2 cm
• firm, immobile nodes
• signs of systemic illness

Question 2

Erythema infectiosum?

Answer 2

• fifth disease

- parvovirus B19

Question 3

what is a rapid specific test for infectious mononucleosis

Answer 3

heterophile antibody test (monospot)

Question 4

Bordetella pertussis patients can develop what?

Answer 4

lymphocytosis

Question 5

what are the 3 phases of Bordetella pertussis

Answer 5

1. catarrhal
2. paroxysmal
3. convalescent

Question 6

what happens in the paroxysmal phase of Bordetella pertussis

Answer 6

• paroxysms of coughing

- posttussive emesis

Question 7

who should receive post exposure prophylaxis with varicella exposure

Answer 7

all nonimmune, asymptomatic, healthy patient age 1 year or greater

Question 8

Most common cause of osteomyelitis in both infants and children

Answer 8

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 9

frequent cause of osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell anemia

Answer 9

Salmonella

Question 10

Most common pathogen for acute, unilateral cervical lymphadenitis in children is?

Answer 10

Staph aureus

Question 11

bilateral subacute-chronic lymphadenopathy along with systemic symptoms such as fever, pharyngitis, and hepatosplenomegaly

Answer 11

Epstein-Barr virus

Question 12

Who accord salmonella enteritidis

Answer 12

reptiles

Question 13

Most common causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis

Answer 13

• streptococcus pneumoniae

- Haemophilus influenzae

Question 14

Treatment of choice for bacterial rhinosinusitis

Answer 14

Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid

Question 15

when do antistreptolysin O antibodies peak?

Answer 15

month after streptococcal infection

Question 16

how do you confirm strep in a child

Answer 16

• rapid streptococcal antigen testing

- throat culture

Question 17

The most common predisposing factor for acute bacterial sinusitis is

Answer 17

viral upper respiratory infection

Question 18

what should be suspected in any ill patients, especially those with a febrile paroxysms, who have traveled to an endemic-tropical region? and what should be ordered

Answer 18

• malaria

- thick and thin blood smears

Question 19

Fever, toxicity, pharyntitis, sandpaper-like rash, circumoral pallor and strawberry tongue

Answer 19

Scarlet fever

Question 20

what is herpangina and what causes it

Answer 20

throat infection

- Coxsackie A

Question 21

Patients with croup and stridor at rest ( moderate to severe croup) should be treated how

Answer 21

• corticosteroids and nebulizer epinephrine

Question 22

Pain with extra ocular movements, visual impairment, and ophthalmoplegia

Answer 22

orbital cellulitis

Question 23

Dangerous complications of orbital cellulitis

Answer 23

• orbital abscess
• intracranial infection
• cavernous sinus venous thrombosis

Question 24

Difference between perceptual cellulitis and orbital cellulitis

Answer 24

preseptal: infection of eyelid anterior to orbital septum
orbital: infection of posterior to the orbital septum

Question 25

Most common cause of viral meningitis

Answer 25

non-polop enteroviruses - echoviruses - coxsackievirus

Question 26

what is the most appropriate way to limit the risk of infection in household contacts with someone with Bordetella pertussis

Answer 26

prophylaxis is recommended for all close contacts despite vaccination, give macrolide

Question 27

children who present with fever, dysphagia, inability to extend neck, muffled voice and lateral x-ray showing a widened prevertebral space

Answer 27

retropharyngeal abscess

Question 28

most common pathogen isolated in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis

Answer 28

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 29

most common cause of cystic fibrosis pneumonia in adults and contributes to life-threatening decline in pulmonary function

Answer 29

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 30

complications associated with orbital cellulitis and not perceptual cellulitis

Answer 30

- diplopia - decreased visual acuity - ophthalmoplegia

Question 31

United states, most common source of rabies

Answer 31

bats

Question 32

treatment for pasteurella multocida

Answer 32

Amoxicillin and clavulanate

Question 33

what causes laryngomalacia

Answer 33

collapse of supraglottic structures during inspiration | - infectious symptoms are not seen

Question 34

Most common cause of sepsis in patients with sickle cell disease

Answer 34

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 35

Patients with sickle cell should receive what until at least age 5

Answer 35

prophylactic penicllin

Question 36

what is herpangina

Answer 36

vesicles on the hard palate

Question 37

what should be suspected in paroxysmal cough and possessive emesis

Answer 37

Pertussis

Question 38

Triad of congenital rubella syndrome

Answer 38

- sensorineural hearing loss - cardiac defects - cataracts

Question 39

Congenital syphilis presents with what in contention infection

Answer 39

- jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, blueberry muffin spots, and growth restriction - more specific findings: copious rhinorrhea and maculopapular rash that may desquamte or become bulls

Question 40

patient with acute fever, joint pain, turbid synovial fluid, and neutrophil-predominant leukocytosis

Answer 40

septic arthritis

Question 41

can you give intra-articular corticosteroid injection for septic arthritis

Answer 41

nope

Question 42

what are the most common cause of acute unilateral lymphadenitis in children,

Answer 42

staphlyococcus arueus | Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 43

most common causes of neonatal sepsis

Answer 43

Group B streptococcus | E. coli

Question 44

painful pustules and honey-crusted lesions

Answer 44

non-bullous impetigo

Question 45

treatment for non-bulbous impetigo for localized infection

Answer 45

topical mupirocin

Question 46

First line treatment for enterobius vermicularis

Answer 46

- Albendazole and pyrantal pamoate

Question 47

when is maternal-fetal transmission of rubella teratogenic

Answer 47

first-trimester

Question 48

a neonate has what following umbilical stump infection

Answer 48

neonatal tetanus

Question 49

what is and what causes posterior oropharyngeal vesicles/ulcerations?

Answer 49

herpangina caused by coxsackie viral infection

Question 50

who is doxycycline contraindicated in

Answer 50

- children less than 8 years | - pregnant women

Question 51

treatment of choice for lyme disease for pregnant women and children less than 8

Answer 51

Amoxicillin

Question 52

complication of mumps

Answer 52

aseptic meningitis and orchitis

Question 53

what is a neonate with temperature instability ( fever or hypothermia), poor feeding and lethargy.

Answer 53

neonatal sepsis