Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 1 Cell Biology > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Pressure applied to bone induces what type of remodeling?

A

Resorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tension applied to bone induces what type of remodeling?

A

Deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the epiphyses?

A

Ends of bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the metaphyses?

A

Angulation between epiphysis and diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the diaphyses?

A

Shaft of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

External connective tissue capsule of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What layers are present in active (growing) periosteum?

A
  1. Outer fibrous layer2. Inner cellular layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What layers are present in inactive (mature) periosteum?

A

Only well-developed outer fibrous layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the fibrous layer of periosteum anchored to the bone?

A

Sharpey’s fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Sharpey’s fibers?

A

Bundles of collagenous fibers; anchor fibrous periosteum to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In the inner cellular layer of periosteum, what cells are present in a growing bone?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In the inner cellular layer of periosteum, what cells are present in a non-growing bone?

A

Periosteal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Does periosteum cover the bone at articular surfaces?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Does periosteum cover the bone where tendons attach?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the endosteum?

A

Internal connective tissue capsule of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What makes up the endosteum?

A

Thin layer with single row of osteoprogenitor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Endosteum lines what compartments within bone?

A
  1. Bone marrow cavity2. Haversian and Volkman canals3. Spicules and trabeculae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What gives bones their hardness?

A

Inorganic minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the inorganic components of bone?

A
  1. Hydroxyapatite crystals (calcium phosphate)2. Bicarbonate, citrate, magnesium, sodium, potassium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What makes up the organic component of bone?

A
  1. Fibers2. Ground substance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the organic component of bone?

A

Prevents brittleness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the main type of collagen in the organic component of bone?

A

Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the components of the ground substance in bone?

A
  1. Proteoglycans2. Multiadhesive glycoproteins3. Bone-specific, Vitamin K dependent proteins4. Growth factors and cytokines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of proteoglycan side chains in the ground substance of bone?

A

Binding growth factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What binds growth factors in the ground substance of bone?
Proteoglycan side chains
26
What are the multiadhesive glycoproteins in the ground substance of bone?
1. Osteonectin2. Sialoproteins
27
What is the function of osteonectin?
Serves as glue between collagen and hydroxyapatite crystals
28
What serves as glue between collagen and hydroxyapatite crystals?
Osteonectin
29
What are the sialoproteins?
1. Osteopontin2. Sialoproteins I and II
30
What is the function of osteopontin?
Binds cells to bone matrix
31
What binds cells to bone matrix?
Osteopontin
32
What are the functions of sialoproteins I and II?
1. Bind cells to bone matrix2. Begins calcium phosphate formation during mineralization
33
What is an example of a bone-specific, Vitamin K dependent protein?
Osteocalcin
34
What is the function of osteocalcin?
1. Traps calcium from blood2. Stimulates osteoclasts to remodel bone
35
What traps calcium from blood and stimulates osteoclasts to remodel bone?
Osteocalcin
36
What are the functions of bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs)?
1. Induce mesenchymal cells to differentiate into osteoblasts2. Used following surgery to stimulate bone formation
37
What induces mesenchymal cells to differentiate into osteoblasts?
BMPs
38
What is used following surgery to stimulate bone formation?
BMPs
39
What is the term for osteoprogenitor cells located in the inner layer of the mature periosteum?
Periosteal cells
40
What is the term for osteoprogenitor cells located in the endosteum?
Endosteal cells
41
Can osteoprogenitor cells undergo mitosis?
Yes
42
In low oxygen tension, what do osteoprogenitor cells differentiate into?
Chondrogenic cells
43
Are osteoprogenitor cells active during bone growth?
Yes
44
What is the cell shape for osteoblasts?
Cuboidal - columnar
45
Are osteoblasts basophilic or acidophilic?
Basophilic
46
What is osteoid?
Newly formed non-mineralized bone ("pre-bone")
47
What is the composition of osteoid?
1. Type I collagen2. BMPs
48
Osteoblasts have high concentrations of what enzyme?
Alkaline phosphatase
49
During bone deposition, is there an increase or decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase levels?
Increase
50
How to osteoblasts communicate with each other?
Gap junctions
51
What are the functions of bone lining cells?
1. Nutritional support of osteocytes2. Uptake and release of calcium and phosphate by bone tissue
52
What is the periosteocytic space?
Space between osteocyte cell membrane and the lacuna and canaliculi
53
Are osteoclasts basophilic or acidophilic?
Acidophilic
54
What causes acidophilic nature of osteoclasts?
Acid-containing lysosomes
55
Osteoclasts are derived from ________________
Mononuclear hematopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-GM)
56
Where are osteoclasts found?
Howship's lacuna
57
What is Howship's lacuna?
Enzymatically-etched shallow depression where osteoclasts are found
58
An osteoclast actively breaking down bone has what morphological characteristics?
1. Ruffled border2. Clear zone 3. Basolateral region
59
What is the function of the clear zone in an active osteoclast?
Sealing zone to isolate corrosive materials
60
The acidic environment of osteoclasts breaks down what component of bone?
Inorganic component
61
What enzyme types break down the organic component of bone?
1. Lysosomal hydrolases2. Metalloproteinases (collagenase, gelatinase)
62
What happens to osteoclasts when they are done with bone resorption?
Apoptosis
63
The diploe found between inner and outer tables of the skull cap is characterized as what type of bone?
Cancellous bone
64
What is the main morphological characteristic of compact bone?
Haversian systems (osteons)
65
What is the main morphological characteristic of cancellous bone?
Bone lamellae (layers)
66
Is primary bone temporary or permanent?
Temporary
67
What is the morphology of primary bone?
Irregular / interlacing bundles of collagen (nonlamellar)
68
What is the morphology of secondary bone?
Parallel or concentric bone lamellae
69
What is the Haversian canal?
Vascular space that encloses a neurovascular bundle, but NOT lymphatic vessels
70
What is the only component of bone that has lymphatic vessels?
Periosteum
71
What are Volkmann canals?
Perforating canals; obliquely oriented; connect osteons that are next to each other
72
Do Volkmann canals have concentric lamellae?
No
73
In what direction to osteons form?
Outside-in
74
Where are inner circumferential lamellae?
Around the marrow cavity
75
What is anklyosis?
Condition in which two articulating bones fuse, obliterating the joint so there is no movement
76
What is the cause of ankylosis?
Trauma to hyaline cartilage which causes it to become calcified and replaced by bone
77
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Autoimmune disease that attacks synovial joints, damaging articular cartilages
78
What is gouty arthritis?
Caused by accumulation of uric acid crystals
79
Trauma to hyaline cartilage which causes it to become calcified and replaced by bone
Ankylosis
80
Autoimmune disease that attacks synovial joints, damaging articular cartilages
Rheumatoid arthritis
81
Caused by accumulation of uric acid crystals
Gouty arthritis
82
What is rickets?
Disorder resulting from calcium deficiency during development, or from inadequate vitamin D which is necessary for calcium absorption from the GI tract
83
What is osteoporosis?
Condition characterized by reduction in bone mass in both components of bone matrix

Year 1 Cell Biology (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions