Cancer PowerPoint Flashcards by Lani Manners

what influences the survival rate for cancer

type and what stage when found

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most common cancer for less than 5

acute leukemia 35%
brain and CNS 17

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what is the most common cancer for 5-9

acute leukemia 32%
brain and CNS 28
lymphoma 12

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most common cancer for 10-14 years old

acute lukemia
Brian and CNS 21
lymphoma 21

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most common cancer for 15-19

lymphoma 26
carcinoma 21
acute lukemia 11

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what age does sarcoma become present

15-19
8%

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adults vs children cause of cancer

adults is environmental
children is genetic

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side effect of treatment for cancer

secondary cancer which is more dangerous

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Down syndrome increases risk for what cancer

leukemia transient type

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immunodeficiency more likely to develop what cancer

lymphoma

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t/f lifestyle factors are not the cause for childhood cancer

true

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common manifestations of cancer

pain
cachexia
anemia
infections
- febrile neutropenia
brusing and petechiae
neurlogic symptoms
palpable mass

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where to do bone marrow aspiration

hip

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what is the diagnostic value for bone marrow aspiration

greater than 25% cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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what is the diagnostic value for lumbar puncture

presence of malignant cells

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ANC what its it

ratio of % of segmental neutrophils plus percent of bands times WBC count and then divide by 100

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diagnostic ANC

less than 1000

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ANC of less than 1000 equals

risk for infection

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what is the most common malignancy under 14

leukemia

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gender and race of highest risk for leukemia

white boys

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peak age for leukemia

2-3

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two types of leukemia

ALL - most common
AML

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symptoms of leukemia

fever
bleeding (petechiae and purple)
splenomegaly
hepatomegaly

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who will have more sequella after treatment ALL or AML

AML = more sequels

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what happens in leukemia

proliferation of abonormal white blood cells and then the WBC are immature and then fill the bone marrow which do not work properly and and are more susceptible to diseaseh

how to diagnose leukemia

blood counts bone marrow biopsy/apsiration lumbar puncture

bone marrow aspiration on leukemia reveals

abonormal lymphoblasts

what is a key aspect to treatment for leukemia

B cell or T cell

what do you have to use if there is testicualr radiaton and what does that lead to

radiation and seterlity

what provides insight to overall prognosis for leukemia

number of WBC at time of diagnosis

what is the relationship between WBC count and prognosis in leukemia

higher WBC poorer prognosis

what are the four phases of chemo

induction consolidation delayed intensification maintenance - expose the area really hit hard (consolidation) and then delayed intensitifcaiton watch hw it is growing vs how much drug we are using give just enough drug to decrease the growth percentages, maintenance is to keep it low

treatment duration for leukemia

very long >2 years girls and >3 years boys - due to the child growing rapidly like the tumor

brain and central nervous system are the most common ______ tumors in children

solid

since brain tumors are solid what does that mean for treatment

can be removed or debulked which means not removing all of it

most common types of Brian tumors

medulloblastoma and cerebral astrocymoma

how will brain tumors present

behavioral or neurological symptoms

common symptoms of brain tumors

morning headache N/V abnormal gait vision changes fatigue

treatment fr brain tumors depends on

type and location

common treatment for brain tumors

surgery radiation low does chemo

complications of brain tumor treatment

seizure infection hydrocephalus impaired cognitive and behavioral function

wilms tumor location

normally on the right side

where is wills tumor

infrarenal

is wilms tumor normall unilateral or bilateral

unilateral

wilms tumor have high association with

beckwith-weedelman syndrome

is wilms tumor associated with congenital abonomalites

yes

do you palpate the wilms tumor

NO - artery and cancer cells can migrate

how fast do wilms tumor grow

very fast

kidney function

erythropotein filter toxins acid base balance electrolyte hypertension hypotension : bleed

age for wilms tumor

2-3 years

s/s of wilms tumor

large tumor normally found on bath hypertension hematuria pain

how is wilms tumor diagnosed

ultrasound

treatment of wilms tumor

chemo SURGERY - remove kidney radiation

complications of wilms tumor

liver damagage portal hypertension cirrohos glomerular damage to remaining kidney

when is the peak indicende for osteosarcoma

times of rapid growth 13 years for girls and 14 years for boys

where is osteosarcoma usually found

distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus

what is the classic sign of osteosarcoma

starburst or sunburst on imaging

symptoms of osteosarcoma

pain, swelling, limp - pain can be referred to back or hip

osteosarcoma patients have high risk for what metastasis

lung

determine how much and type of chemo based on

where the cancer is and how fast its spreading - very individualized

diagnosis of osteosarcoma

bone scan, CT, MRI

treatment of osteosarcoma

limb salvage amputation chemo

oncologic emergecines

fever and neutropenia hyperluekocytosis tumor lysis syndrome

common hematologic side effects of radiaiton

neutropenia

fever and neutropenic emergency

possible infection - CBC, culture

do we Cath fever and neutropenic

no cause its indrocusing

what is the immediate treatment for fever and neutropenic

broad spectrum

why is fever and neutropenic important for staffing

do not pair with anyone who has bacterial and viral infection

neutropenic precautions

no honey, fresh fruit, flowers, we gown and glove and mask

hyperleukocytosis is WBC greater than

100

hyperleukocytosis worst prognosis

higher WBC

tumor less syndrome

metabolic derangement from rapid spontaneous or treatment related death of tumor cells

changes in labs for tumor lysis syndrome

rise in serum potassium, phos, uric acid

who is greatest risk for tumor lysis

big tumor = big risk

most common complaint

mucosal ulceration

interventions for mucosal alterations

no alcohol in mouth wash numbing before eating no NSAID no rectal temp !! maybe no tooth brush but if do then soft bristles - want to clean cause plaque can lead to bleeding

side effect of steroids

hyperglycemia hypertension moon face, depression, edema, mood swings, inability to fight infeciton

vaccine given __ weeks before chemo should be considered inactivated

when can chemo kid receive live virus vaccines

3 months after chemo stopped and discussed with oncologist

how will sibling feel

ignored

Cancer PowerPoint Flashcards

(81 cards)