Fluid & Electrolytes Book

Question 1

isotonic dehydration

Answer 1

fluid loss is not balanced by intake loss of water and sodium are proportinate
normal sodium

Question 2

hypotonic dehydration

Answer 2

greater loss of sodium than water
decrease sodium
extracellular into intracellular

Question 3

hypertonic dehydration

Answer 3

greater water loss than sodium
increase Na
intracellular into extracellular

Question 4

oral rehydration used for what type is used for what type of dehydration

Answer 4

mild and moderate

Question 5

rehydration for severe

Answer 5

IV and oral

Question 6

what is the type of fluid used for rapid infusion

Answer 6

isotonic

Question 7

under what age can we concentrate urine so no change in specifc gravity

Answer 7

2

Question 8

bolus amount

Answer 8

20mL/kg in 30-60 min

Question 9

no potassium until

Answer 9

voided

Question 10

hypernatremia

Answer 10

body fluids are too concentrated
body losing more water

Question 11

hypernat s/s

Answer 11

thirsty
decreased urine output
confusion
lethargy
seizures

Question 12

hypernat treatment

Answer 12

hypotonic fluid
isotonic

Question 13

hyponat

Answer 13

bodily fluids are too dilute
- gain more water than NA
- forced fluid intake
- dilution of formula
- increase swallowing in pool
- marathon running

Question 14

hyponat s/s

Answer 14

decrease LOC
swelling of brain cell
- anorexia, N/V/H, muscule wekaness
decreased deep tendon reflexes
agition
lethargy
confusion
seizures

Question 15

hyponat tx

Answer 15

seizures

Question 16

hyperkal

Answer 16

intake, shift to IC to EC, decreased excretion
- blood transfusion
- cell death (crush/sickle/ chemo)
- oliguria (renal failure, hypovol, decreased aldosterone)
- addisons
- chemo/ACEI/ K sparing/ NSAIDS

Question 17

hyperkal s/s

Answer 17

cramping
diarrhea
weak muscles
lethargic
increased T waves

Question 18

hyperkal tx

Answer 18

dialysis
diuretic
kayexalate
bicarb
insuiln/glucose
calcium gluco

Question 19

hypokal

Answer 19

increase K, decrease intake, shift EC to IC cause
- GI
- diuretics
- increase cortisol ~ cushings
- alk
- hypothemria
- vomiting

Question 20

hypokal s/s

Answer 20

abdomin distension
constipation
weak muscle
decrease T waves
polyuria

Question 21

hypercal

Answer 21

increased intake, shift, decrease excretion
- chicken liver
- ca rich food
- TPN

prlonged immo
bone cancer
thiazed diuretics

Question 22

hypercal s/s

Answer 22

decreased neuromusc excitability
constipation
anxitey
anorexia
N/V
fatigue
confusion
letharigc
polyuria

Question 23

hypercal tx

Answer 23

lasix

Question 24

hypocal

Answer 24

decreased intake, shift, increase excretion
female losing wt
steatorrhea
- CF

Question 25

hypocal s/s

Answer 25

increased neuromuscular excitabilty - twitiching - spasm - largyngospasm - seizure - chov/troussoue - healthy newborn

Question 26

hypermag

Answer 26

increase intake, decreased excretion seawater, saltbath, laxitive, antacids addisons disesey

Question 27

hypermag s/s

Answer 27

decrease muscle irritability hypotension bradycardia heart block

Question 28

hypomag

Answer 28

decreased intake, shift, increase excretion chronic malnutriton, steatorrhea citrated blood diretics DKA chronic alcohol

Question 29

hypomag s/s

Answer 29

increase neuromusc excitability cramps twitching seizures DTR chov and trou

Question 30

who has normal chov

Answer 30

newborn

Question 31

r acid

Answer 31

inability to lungs to move air out cause: drug overdose, gulliane barre, CF

Question 32

r alk

Answer 32

too little of CO2 cause: hyperventilation, astham, sepsis, anxitey, pain, fear, meningitis

Question 33

m acid

Answer 33

excess acid cause: eat/drink ~ asprin, boric acid, antifreeze ketocsis decrease growth, starvation, renal failure, diarrhea, rate and depth, of breathing to increase comp

Question 34

m alk

Answer 34

too little metablic acid increased bicarb, or too little acid intake of bicarb ~ baking soda citrate in transfusions increase renal absorption of bicarb ~ hypokal hyperaldosterone, of decreased EC fluid, severe vommiting rate and depth of breathing

Question 35

r acid s/s

Answer 35

confusion lethargy HA ICP increase coma

Question 36

r alk s/s

Answer 36

neuromuscular irritability parasthesis spasm confusion dizzy

Question 37

m acid

Answer 37

kussmual Perph vascular resitance hypotension pul edema hypoxia

Question 38

m alk

Answer 38

increase neuro musc irritability cramping parathesis seizures confusion lethargy

Question 39

why do we check PO2 before therapy for r alk

Answer 39

bc its is dangerous to stop hyperventilation if oxygenation is poor

Question 40

peds electrolye/acid-base

Answer 40

vulnerable to fluid, eletrolyte and acid base imbalances percentage of body weight composded of water is highest at birth and decreased w age neonates/young infants: larger extracellular fluid volume infants high daily fluid requirements with little fluid volume reserve = vulnerable to dehydration high sensitble and insensible fluid loss sensible: measure insensible: nonmeasure higher resp and metabolic rates under 2 year old kidneys cannot compensante