Neuro PowerPoint Flashcards by Lani Manners

nerves are covered by

meninges

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when is nervous system formed

first trimester
12 wks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

any insult can cause CNS malformation in gesation
- what is some eamples

decrease blood circulation
maternal HTN
illness
bleeding

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when are nerve cells matured

4 years

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when does the brain stop growing

21-25 years

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when mylenation is increased what is decreased

primary reflexes
- tonic neck, moro, root

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when should tonic neck, root, and moro be gone

6 mo

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when mylenation occurs what increases or improves

fine and gross motor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

why are the cranial bones not completely ossified

allows for brain growth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when does the post fontanelle close

2-3 mo

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when does the ant fontanelle close

12-18 mo

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the skull and brain grow and develop rapidly during childhood so infants and young children are at higher risk for

injury

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

muscle around neck and spinal cord is not fully developed so head is

heavy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

are the vertebrae completely ossified

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when do stuture lines between skull bones close

age 12

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

top heavy and excessive spinal mobility puts them at risk for

falls and shaken baby syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

absent seizures

staring blankly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the most important indicator of neurological dysfuncton

LOC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

decorticate

flexor, rigid, lesions above the brain stem and cortical spinal tract

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is contraindicated in increase ICP

spinal tap

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

early signs of increase ICP

headache
visual changes
N/V
pupils unequal or slow

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

early signs of increase ICP
- infants

increase head circumference
bulging fonatalle
separating of sutures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

late signs of increase ICP

LOC cecrease
Cushing triad
- Brady
- irregular resp
- widening pulse pressure
fix and dilated pupils
hypertension

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

late signs of increase ICP
- intants

sunset eyes
scalp veins proturding
pos babinski

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a seizures

abonormal electrical discharge from the Brian that causes involuntary movement and behavior

different types of seizures

absent partial generalized febrile

absent seizure

lip smacking and twictchin loss of LOC

partial seizure

one side affected and opposite side will have symptoms depend on location of insult

generalized

diffuse electrical activity on both hems, entire body involved

febrile

over 101 or 38.3 6mo to 5 year rarely occur more than once in 24 hour

why do febrile seizures occur

due to Childs immature nervous system

partical s/s

abrupt start unprovoked aura

generalized s/s

aura tonic clonicto

tonic

contraction

clonic

extension

staus epi

acute lasts over 30 min check lytes, bp, and bs

what is common for preschool and 2 year old to do in post ictal

cry

nursing management for seizure

maintain airway don't put anything in mouth left side clear space around meds: phenobarbital, Ativan, keppra AED: Vtach

what is important to educate about seizure meds

dose may change as child ages or metabolism increases

hydrocephalus

spinal fluid is unable to go down leading to increase ICP

cause of hydrocephalus

intraventricualr hemmorgae cari malformation TBI tumor meningits

hydrocephalus tx

shunt

what is a shunt

drains CSF into abdomen with a one way valve

what is more common non communicating hydrocephalus or communicating hydrocephalus

non communicating

meningitis

inflammation of meningitis covering brain and spinal cord

bacterial meningitis

more sequela - damage more dangerous can be 2ndary

why can bac meningitis occur 2ndary

children bones are not ossified so the sinus is a large cavity and provides large area for growth and spread

viral meningitis s/s vs bac

same as bacterial

viral meningitis sequeala?

meningitis infant

fever poor feeding vomiting irritability seizures high pitch cry bulging fontanelle nuchal rigidity

meningitis older

s/s abrupt fever chills HA vomiting alertation in sensorium irrituability agitated photophobia seizure coma nuchal rigidity - pos kernig and budunzki

kernig

knee up and resistance or pain when fully extended

brudskinski

head down to chest and knees bend and come up

lumbar puncture for bacterial

decrease gluc increase protein

lumbar puncture for viral

normal to high gluc normal to low protein

tx bac meningitis

antibiotics

tx viral meningitis

antibiotics until bacterial is ruled out supportive - dark room - decrease stim - minimal noise

main goal of hydrocehlapus

reduce ICP preserve CNS function

t/f a shunt infection is a medical emergency

yes

s/s of shunt malfunction

increase ICP worsening neuro status change in LOC

early s/s of shunt issue

diplopia ha n/v vertigo vs changes non reactive pupils sunsetting eyes change in LOC

early s/s of shunt issue - infant

diplopia ha n/v vertigo vs changes non reactive pupils sunsetting eyes change in LOC *irritability bulging font wide sutures dilated scalp veins high pitch cry

late sign of shunt malformation

decrease in LOC seizures cushings triad fixed and dilated

incidence of shunt infection/malformation

80% of children have infection with in 6 mo of placement

how do we assess infants for hydrocephalus

measure and compare head circumference

post op common complication after shunt

vomitting since ICP is being released rapidly

myelocele

fluid protruding

meningocele

nerves proturidung

meningomycelocele

fluid and nerves

why might kids with neural tube defects have latex allergies

multiple surgical produedures

nursing considerations for neural tube defects

prone position - can't have anything putting pressure on sac transfer moist sterile gauze over topw

will there be paralysis below defect for neural tube issues

yes

when is neural tube fixed

24-48 hours

post op management of neural tube

I&O - 12-24 hour after surgery has decrease output and want to make sure it reestablishes prone keep diaper away watch for infection PROM = PT

nursing considerations for neural tube

increase fiber and fluid due to risk for constipaiton caloric intake since at risk for obesity immunizations seizure disorder after vaccination: normal increase protein and iron UTI

if you are straight Cath yourself do you have to be sterile

CP characterized by

early onset and impaired movement and posture

what is the most common permeant physical disability in childhood

s/s of CP

poor head control stiff of rigid limbs arching back floppy tone unable to sit w/o support at age 8 mo persistent primitive infantile reflexes

earliest cue of CP

moro beyond 4 mo tonic neck belong 6 mo

behavior s/s of CP

no smiling by age 3 feeding difficulties

what type of seizure can look like daydreaming

absence

when do we need to check electrolytes, BS, and ABG, temp and BP for status epi

15 min

to help maintain airway what might be helpful during a seizure

jaw thrust

what is the first line defense for seizures

benzo

parent education for seizure meds

do not stop

what gender more likely has issues with neural tube

girls

spinda bifida

defect that occurs in one or more vertebrae and allows spinal cord to protrude

spina bifida nursing dx

high risk for infection bowel incontinence altered urianry elimination high risk for ineffective coping self esteem disturb