Skin PowerPoint Flashcards
1
Q
3 layers of the skin
A
epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous
2
Q
is the skin thinner or thicker in children
A
thinner
3
Q
due to the think skin they have increased or decreased absorption of chemicals and topical meds
A
increased
4
Q
as the infant grows the skin
A
toughens
5
Q
primary lesions
A
lesions arise from previously healthy skin
6
Q
example of primary lesion
A
macules
papules
patches
tumors
nodules
vesicles
7
Q
secondary lesion
A
lesions that result from changes in primary lesions
8
Q
example of secondary lesions
A
crusts
scales
keloids
erosions
ulcers
9
Q
drug reaction examples
A
erythematous macule, papule, pruitis, urticaria
10
Q
mites examples
A
pruritis, papular/pustular/vesicular
11
Q
infection examples
A
edema, erythema, papular/vesiclar lesion
12
Q
injuries example
A
punctures, burns, pressure ulcers
13
Q
what to assess for a lesion
A
location
size
type
pattern
discharge
14
Q
coining/cupping
A
cultural variation
aren’t lesions
15
Q
atopic dermatitis
A
eczema
16
Q
infant skin manifesations
A
birthmarks
17
Q
early childhood skin manifsations
A
eczema
18
Q
adolescent skin manifestations
A
acne
infected tattoos
19
Q
ABCD’s of skin documentation
A
asymmetry
border
color and configuraiton
diameter and drainage
20
Q
tinea capitis affects where
A
scalpe
21
Q
tinea capitis apperence
A
scaly pusualr, yellow greasy scales which are lighter than skin color
22
Q
tinea capitis kerion
A
large purulent tender body mass on scalp with drainage
23
Q
tinea capitis tx under 12
A
oral griseofulvin
24
Q
tinea capitis tx over 12 years
A
fluconazole
25
tinea capitis shampoo
selenium sulfide or ketonazole 2-3 times weekly and let sit for 10 mins
26
tinea corporis affects where
trunk
27
tinea corporis manifesations
pink scaly circular patch expanding border with slightly raised borders
28
tinea corporis how to contract
contact with infected human, animal, or contaminated object
29
tinea corporis treatment
topical cream
selenium sulfide 2 times a week on the body
30
where to assess for lice
nape of neck and behind ears
lice like warm areas
31
if you see lice moving what does that tell you about the infestation
large
32
when to repeat lice treatment again after the first treatment and why
7-10 days after since nits are resistant to treatment
33
when can children with lice go back to school
after 2nd treatment
34
adult lice can live for how long without human blood and what does that mean for washing clothes
72 hours, wash combs, coats, hats, sheets, stuffed animals with hot water in a hot dryer
35
lice only reproduce on
humans
36
how is lice transmitted
direct hair to hair contact or through sharing of hair accessories
37
how many nits does the female lay per day
10
38
how long until nits hatch
7-10 days
39
how do lice look at birth
black
40
lice s/s
bugs in hair, sticky dandruff
41
lice tx
pediculides, and removal of nits with the special comb
42
is scabies contagious
VERY
43
scabies how is it transmitted
skin to skin contact and sexual contact
44
scabies immediate s/s
they are not immediate
45
when to see scabies s/s
2-4 weeks after exposure
46
s/s scabies
inflammation and severe pruritis
widespread rash with papules and pustules
complain of restlessness and itching that is worse at night cause the mites are more active
hands, axilla, neck, legs, and butt
may see tunneling
47
what should we do with nails of scabies kids
keep them short so they don't break skin
48
tx of scabies
5% permethrin cream and antihistamines
- antibiotics for secondary infection
- clean all linen (like lice)
49
impetigo
bacterial infection that is highly contagious
50
impetigo s/s
red sores on face around nose and mouth and hands and feet
sores burst and develop honey colored crusts
51
when can impetigo return to school
48hr after antibiotic initaiton
52
treatment of impetigo
mupirocin and/or erythromycin
53
do you wash of crust with impetigo and if yes how
yes with warm soapy washcloth 3 times a day
54
keep what short in impetigo
finger nails
55
how to prevent spread of impetigo
handwashing
56
candicial infection
fungal
57
what can precipitate candidial infection
antiobitocs
kids who don't have immune system
58
candida in mouth
thrush
59
thrush s/s
white coating to the tongue and or buccal mucosa, redness, burning, or pain
60
candidate diaper dermatitis s/s
dark red shiny rash with satellite lesions
61
tx for canddidal
nystatin
- topical or oral
62
eczema cause
ineffective function of the proteins that form a skin barrier as the barrier is broken down the skin loses moisture and becomes irritated and overly sensitive and prone to infection
63
6 findings of eczema
erythema
papules/edema
exudation - oozing and crusting
scale
excoriations and linear erosions from scratching
lichenification - thickened, hyper pigmented leathery skin due to rubbing (accumulated skin markings
64
what is licheinficiation
thickened, hyper pigmented leathery skin due to rubbing (accumulated skin markings
65
pts with eczema usually have what elese
another autoimmune disorder like asthma
66
rank the order of best to least for treatment of eczema
- cream
-oinment
- lotion
ointment
cream
lotion
67
some treatment for eczema
bathe every day or every other
warm bath
5-10 min bath
pat dry
apply moisturizer while skin is still damp
68
treat rash for eczema
- mediation
steroids
69
treat itching for eczema
- med
antihistamines
70
how to prevent infection
wash well and do not scrub
71
4 main types of burns
thermal
chemical
electrical
radioactive
72
thermal burn example
flame, water
73
chemical burn example
bleach and amonia
74
electrical burn example
wire, curling iron
75
radioactive burn example
sunburn
76
2 common accidental injury patterns
hot drink scalds (pull water off stove)
contact burns (hair curler)
77
non accidental burn injury
glove and stocking scalds (dipping)
sharp demarcation and absence of splash marks
story that doesn't match
parents waited to bring child in
other injuries present (bruising)
repeated presentation
78
first degree classification
superficial partial thickness
79
first degree apperecnce
painful nd red
80
first degree healing
few days
81
first degree exmaple
sunburn
82
first degree layers
outer later of skin
- epidermis
83
second degree classification
partal thickness
84
second degree layers
epidermis and upper layers of the dermis
85
healing for second degree
10-14
86
third degree classification
full thickness
87
third degree layers
all of the epidermis and dermis
- may involve underlying tissue
88
third degree nerve involvement
nerve endings are destroyed
89
treatment of third degree
skin grafting
90
when to know the full damage of third degree burn
3-5 days later because the burn continues
91
what is the requirement to go to children burn hospital
any partial greater than 10% or any full thickness
92
head front and back percent
18
93
chest percent
18
94
back percent
18
95
arm percent
9 each
96
perineum percent
1
97
legs perent
13.5 each
98
rule of palm
palm of the person who is burned is about 1% of the body, and you use the palm to measure the body surface area burned
99
first priory for burns
AIRWAY
100
what to assess for airway
any inhalation injury
- burned facial hair
- soot in mouth or nose
- stridor
101
why can burns to the trunk cause impaired ventilation
children use the diaphragm to breathe
102
we replace burns with
LR
- or isotonic
103
why do burn patients lose fluids rapidly
destruction of epidermis
104
what is parkland formula
4 mL x %TBSA x pt weight in kg = total fluid in first 24 hours
105
is the parkland replacement or maintence
replacement, will need to add the mainentce
106
when to give the parkland replacement formula
half in first 8 hours and other half in remaining 16 hours
107
what is the method of pain management route
IV
108
do we do IM with birns
no
109
do children lose heat early
yes
110
how to clean a child initially with a burn
with temped NS then place sterile gauze over burn
111
children with burns need what times more energy and protein than normal
2-3
112
if there is eschar what do we do
remove it
113
goals for burns
remove necrotic tissue to allow healthy tissue to develop
maintain moist environment with circular
- hydrogel
maintain fluid and body temp
prevent infection and minimize scaring
114
