Respiratory PowerPoint Flashcards by Lani Manners

under what age is diaphragm breathing since intercostal muscles are immature

6 years

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do babies automatically switch to mouth breathing

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main issue with Peds airway

size
swelling is much more dangerous since it is easily occluded

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air way size

4mm

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since the children have to have more effort to move air in what does that do

increase respiration rate

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growing and metabolism is higher so what does that do

increase O2 needs so breathe faster

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fever or infections does what

increase O2 demands so increase RR

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infants have what which leads to them to tire quickly

less glycogen

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trachea of children

shorter

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angle of right bronchus

angle is more acute

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hyperextended neck can lead to

airway collapse

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growth of alveoli age

8 years old

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reiteration sites

intercostal
subcostal

substernal
suprasternal

supracalviualr

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mild signs of respiratory distress

restless
tachypena
dyspnea
diaphoresis

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1st retrations seen are

intercostal

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2nd retractions seen are

substernal and subcostal

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reiterations mean

O2 exchange is not good so give O2

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simple nursing intervention for respiratory distress

elevate HOB

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s/s of early decomp

flaring
retrations
grunting
wheezing
hypertension

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interventions for early decomp

O2
cpap
elevate HOB

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grunt is doing what

maintaining PEEP to prevent alveoli from collapsing

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head bob is doing what

attempting to get air in

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since kids fatigue due to decreased glycogen stores this does what

lead to apnea

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resp failure/ impending arrest

dysnpnea
bradypnea
cyanosis
stupor
coma
CNS changes

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what signs are tripod supracalvicular and substernal

emergent signs

what is happening in tripod position

opening the airway and increasing the blood supply to the trunk by decreasing flow to legs (mastrowsers?)

tripod apperence

arms on legs learning forward head and neck are extended jaw thrust open forward

normal ABG values

pH: acid 7.35-7.45 alk CO2: alk 35-45 acid HCO3: acid 22-26 alk PO2: 80-100

croup

upper airway illness that results in inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis and larynx swelling extends into the trachea and larynx

cough associated with croup

dog bark

epiglottis what to know

do not use a tongue blade decrease existence by Hib vaccine most dangerous intubation

spasming leads to

airway obstruction

airway narrow sound

stridor

LTB

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

LTB s/s

early - fever brassy seal like cough stridor inspiratory irritable or restless

LTB tx

oral dexmentahose nebulizer epi O2

LTB at home tx

humidity or cold hock

RSV

shedding of the respiratory lining which leads to copious secretions

why do RSV have decreased activity level

do not have enough O2

why do RSV have decreased oral intake

can't swallow due to secretions

why is dehydration bad for RSV

leads to thicker secretions

RSV adventiois sounds

wheezing crackles

RSV Xray

hyperinflation atelectasis inflammation

RSV nursing considerations

monitor resp suction elevate HOB isolation droplet and contact monitor hydration I & O IV fluids

vaccine for RSV

Synagis - every month during season

RSV season

oct-march

RS treatment

supportive unless high risk which needs more immediate tx

prevention for RSV

hand washing

how to tell if a kid maybe feels better

anxiety

cystic fibrosis needs

chest percussion O2 enzyme treatment increase fluids

cystic fibrosis genetic inheritance

autosomal recessive both parents need to have trait 1/4 kids will have it same as sickle

asthma

chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by - wheezing - SOB - chest tightness - coughing

is asthma reversible

yes

what is the precursor to asthma and why can we not diagnosis asthma

reactive airway disease cannot diagnosis until mature airway ~8years old

rules of 2 with asthma

use of reuse inhaler more than 2 times per week waking up at night due to asthma more than 2 times per month refilling rescue inhaler more than 2 times per year

if answer yes to rule of 2 what does that mean

asthma is not in good control

5-10-5 rule

inhale for 5 seconds hold breath for 10 seconds exhale through nose for10 seconds

inhaler use education

use a spacer to make particles smaller to get into airways

how to combat exercise induced asthma

use inhaler before

upper airway conditions

croup epiglottis

lower airway conditions

bronchiolitis pneumonia

HFNC provides

PEEP

chronic airway condiitons

asthma BPD cystic fibrosis

3 S of asthma

snot squeeze swell

patho of asthma

hyper responsiveness causes excess mucos formation, mucosal swelling and airway contraction

asthma triggers

smoke pets cockroach air pollution

s/s of asthma

SOB chest tightness coughing wheezing tachypnea

why do we increase hydration for asthma

thin secretions

med class for asthma

SABA LABA anticholinergics

SABA

albuterol relax smooth muscle and promote brachial dilation

steroids

take second about 5-15 mins after SABA decreases airway inflam

anticholinger

INHIBIT bronchial constriction

adjuncts to asthma medications

cold air O2 water

BPD

call it that until 28 days of life and then called chronic lung disease

BPD/chronic lung disease

damage to alveoli sac from O2 alveoli become larger and less vessels perfuse lungs leading to less function

BPD risk

premature babies

BPD need O2 for how long

28 days

cystic fibrosis affects

endocrine glands super thick mucous

CF is missing pancreatic enzymes which are

lipase amalyase tripsin

diagnosis for COPD

sweat test - increase NA and CL

CF treatment

pancreatic enzymes fat soluble vitamins chest percusion postural drainage pulmonary enzume high protein diet low fat

CF stools

loose and mucosy