Fluid & Electrolytes PowerPoint

Question 1

unable to produce tears until

Answer 1

6 weeks
3 months

Question 2

infants are dependent on who for provide fluids for them

Answer 2

dependent

Question 3

infant GI tract has what proportional surface area than adults

Answer 3

GI

Question 4

infants have a high risk for

Answer 4

dehydration

Question 5

kidneys cannot fully conserve fluids and electrolytes until child

Answer 5

2 years

Question 6

newborn how much greater daily water need/kg

Answer 6

4-5x

Question 7

increased or respiratory rate

Answer 7

increased

Question 8

increased or decreased metabolic demands

Answer 8

increased

Question 9

what is the largest part of body

Answer 9

largest

Question 10

high metabolic rate + decreased fluid reserve =

Answer 10

increased risk for imbalance

Question 11

throw up goes to what acid base imbalance

Answer 11

alkaloid
- diarrhea acid

Question 12

intracellular accounts for how much

Answer 12

2/3

Question 13

extracellular accounts for how much

Answer 13

1/3

Question 14

difussion

Answer 14

movement from greater to lesser concentration

Question 15

microtubules

Answer 15

immature so they have difficulty in maintaining the sodium & calcium, increase risk for acidosis

Question 16

children have higher or lower metabolic rate

Answer 16

higher

Question 17

vascular volume

Answer 17

cap refil
character of pulse
BP *late sign
central venous pressure
tenseness of fontanelle
I & O
tears
urine specific gravity
mucous membrane
skin turgor
presence of absence of edema
LOC

Question 18

1kg =

Answer 18

1L

Question 19

normal U/O children

Answer 19

0.5 to 1mL/kg/hr

Question 20

normal U/O infant

Answer 20

2mL/kg/hr

Question 21

3 main ways to become dehydration

Answer 21

decreased intake
decreased output
translocation

Question 22

common cause of dehydration

Answer 22

diarrhea
vomiting
gastroenteritis
pharyngitis
febrile illness
DKA
DI
burns

Question 23

isotonic dehydration

Answer 23

sodium and water are lost in proportion to each other and therefore serum sodium is normal

Question 24

hypotonic dehydration

Answer 24

sodium loss is greater than water loss so serum sodium levels are low
fluid shifts from the ECF to ICF to attempt to correct the loss causing worsening ECF dehydration

Question 25

hypertonic dehydration

Answer 25

water loss is greater than sodium loss so serum sodium levels are high fluid moves from the ICF to ECF Thus the ECF remains normal and s/s of dehydration

Question 26

mild dehydration s/s

Answer 26

slightly decreased urine output slightly increased thirst slightly dry mucous membranes slightly elevated heart rate

Question 27

mild dehydration amount

Answer 27

40-50mL/kg

Question 28

moderate dehydration

Answer 28

decreased urine output moderately increased thirst dry mucous membrane elevated heart rate decreased skin turgor sunken eyes sunken fontanel

Question 29

moderate dehydration amount

Answer 29

60-90mL/kg

Question 30

severe dehydration s/s

Answer 30

markedly decreased or absent urine output greatly increased thirst very dry mucous membrane greatly elevated heart rate decreased skin turgor very sunken eyes very sunken fontanel lethargy cold extremities hypotension coma

Question 31

severe dehydration amount

Answer 31

100mL/kg

Question 32

4-2-1

Answer 32

for the first 10kg: 4mL/kg/hr for the next 10kg: 2mL/kg/hr for anything greater than 20kg: 1mL/kg/hr

Question 33

4-2-1 is used for

Answer 33

maintenance

Question 34

deficit + MIVF = IV rate - replacement time

Answer 34

replace 50% in first 8 hours replace 50% in next 16 hours

Question 35

IV bolus

Answer 35

20ml/kg over 30-60 min isotonic

Question 36

normal sodium

Answer 36

135-145

Question 37

normal potiussum

Answer 37

3.5-5

Question 38

normal calcium

Answer 38

2.8-2.86

Question 39

normal magnesium

Answer 39

1.6-2.4

Question 40

bulging fontanelle = increased

Answer 40

ICP

Question 41

decreased perfusuion and vascocontriction color of skin

Answer 41

pale/gray limbs hands blue

Question 42

increases loss by 7mL/kg/24h for each degree risk above

Answer 42

37.2

Question 43

4 factors to predict dehydration

Answer 43

cap refil absence of tears dry mucous membranes ill aperence

Question 44

2 teaspons / in mins

Answer 44

15 mins

Question 45

oral rehydration therapy dont give

Answer 45

pop juice increased sugar

Question 46

oral rehydration therapy do give

Answer 46

pedilyte

Question 47

when can we give potassium

Answer 47

after void

Question 48

what is the best way to oral rehydration

Answer 48

oral rehydration

Question 49

when to seek medical care

Answer 49

vomiting large volumes/sunken fontanelles no improvmenet of symptoms after 4 hours of oral rehydration worsening symptoms