Carbohydrates 4

Question 1

Where does gluconeogenesis usually occur?

Answer 1

In the liver.

Question 2

What is the first step of gluconeogenesis?

Answer 2

Pyruvate -> Pyruvate (inside mitochondria) -> oxaloacetate -> malate -> malate (outside mitochondria) -> oxaloacetate -> PEP

OR

Lactate -> Pyruvate -> Pyruvate (inside mitochondria) -> oxaloacetate -> PEP -> PEP (outside mitochondria)

Question 3

What is the second step of gluconeogenesis?

Answer 3

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate -> Fructose 6 phosphate

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

Question 4

What is the third step of gluconeogenesis?

Answer 4

Glucose-6-phosphate -> Glucose

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Question 5

Where do steps 2 and 3 occur?

Answer 5

Cytoplasm

Question 6

Where is free glucose made?

Answer 6

Endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 7

Describe the fructose-1-phosphate pathway.

Answer 7

Fructose -> Fructose-1-phosphate -> Glyceraldehyde (+ dihydroxyacetone phosphate) -> Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Question 8

Describe the pentose phosphate pathway.

Answer 8

G-6-P -> 6-phosphogluconate -> Ribulose-5-phosphate -> Ribose-5-phosphate -> Nucleotides

Question 9

What is NADP+?

Answer 9

An electron carrier.