Tissues 2

Question 1

Define exocrine glands.

Answer 1

Epithelium vagilates and makes a tube from the surface, excreting substances to the surface i.e sweat glands.

Question 2

Define endocrine glands.

Answer 2

Lose contact with the surface and become a mass of specialised cells, accumulating around blood vessels. Secrete hormones through the body via blood.

Question 3

What is the structure of exocrine glands?

Answer 3

Tubular (secretes watery solutions) and acinar (secretes mucus) are simple, and tubuloacinar is compound.

Question 4

Define mucous glands.

Answer 4

Secrete mucus.

Question 5

Define mucus.

Answer 5

Mix of water and proteoglycans.

Question 6

Define serous glands.

Answer 6

Protein rich secretion.

Question 7

Define myoepithelial cells.

Answer 7

Special cells which are muscle and can contract to get mucus out from exocrine glands.

Question 8

What type of tissue are endocrine glands made of?

Answer 8

Cuboidal epithelial.

Question 9

What do the endocrine glands usually secrete?

Answer 9

Proteins and steroids.

Question 10

Define parenchyma.

Answer 10

Functional tissue of an organ.

Question 11

Define hepatocytes.

Answer 11

Arranged in rows between blood vessels and have numerous functions such as secretion.

Question 12

What do support epithelial cells do in the liver?

Answer 12

Line blood vessels and bile ducts.

Question 13

What are epithelial cells organised into in the kidney?

Answer 13

Nephrons.

Question 14

What is the function of the kidney?

Answer 14

Filtration of blood and release of urine.

Question 15

What do support epithelial cells do in the kidney?

Answer 15

Line blood vessels and renal pelvis which receives toxic urine.

Question 16

Name 5 abnormal functions of epithelial cells.

Answer 16

Over proliferation
Under proliferation
Over secretion
Under secretion
Loss of cilia

Question 17

What is proliferation?

Answer 17

Rapid reproduction of a cell, part, or organism

Question 18

Name 3 examples of connective tissue.

Answer 18

Blood/bone marrow
Mucous
Reticular
Loose
Dense irregular
Dense regular
Cartilage
Bone
Adipose

Question 19

What is the extracellular matrix?

Answer 19

Made of fibres, ground substance and tissue fluid. It can be insoluble like collagen or jelly like. Helps with the mechanical support of the surrounding cells.

Question 20

Name the 3 types of fibres.

Answer 20

Collagen - i.e tendon, bendy but not stretchy
Elastic - i.e aorta, contracts
Reticular - i.e lymph, network of fibrous materials in an irregular material

Question 21

Collagen makes up about _____% of your body weight and there are around ____ types.

Answer 21

30, 19.

Question 22

Describe the formation of collagen.

Answer 22

Fibroblast –> Collagenase –> Triple Stranded Helix –> Collagen fibril –> Collagen fibre

Question 23

What is the ground substance of the extracellular matrix made of?

Answer 23

Proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid, glycoproteins

Question 24

Name 5 types of loose connective tissue.

Answer 24

Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Adipocytes
Mast cells
Undifferentiated mesenchyme cells

Question 25

Define dense, regular connective tissue.

Answer 25

Really thick will small gaps in between e.g tendons

Question 26

Define dense, irregular connective tissue.

Answer 26

Not orderly e.g sebaceous gland.