Joints

Question 1

What are the 5 anatomical position checks?

Answer 1

Standing upright
Head facing forward
Palms facing forward, fingers together
Heels together, toes directed anteriorly
In males, erect penis

Question 2

Define superior.

Answer 2

Towards the head

Question 3

Define inferior

Answer 3

Towards the feet

Question 4

Define Medial

Answer 4

Towards the midline

Question 5

Define lateral

Answer 5

Away from the midline

Question 6

Define Posterior

Answer 6

Towards the back

Question 7

Define anterior

Answer 7

Towards the front

Question 8

Define proximal

Answer 8

Towards the origin of the trunk

Question 9

Define distal

Answer 9

Away from the origin of the trunk

Question 10

Define a joint

Answer 10

Union between two or more rigid components i.e bone and cartilage.

Question 11

Joints are needed for ______ and ______.

Answer 11

Movement, growth

Question 12

Give 3 features of fibrous joints.

Answer 12

Dense, connective tissue
High tensile strength
Little movement in adults

Question 13

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 13

Synchondroses (primary)

Symphyses (secondary)

Question 14

Define synchondroses.

Answer 14

Allow for bone growth. Disappear in adults and have no movement.

Question 15

Define symphyses.

Answer 15

Do not ossify with age, found in midline and have limited movement.

Question 16

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 16

Intervertebral discs

Question 17

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 17

Articular cartilage

Question 18

Give 3 features of synovial joints.

Answer 18

Greatest movement
Contain synovial cavity, articular cartilage, fibrous capsule and synovial membrane
Can also contain articular discs, ligaments and bursae

Question 19

What is bursae?

Answer 19

Fluid filled sack where there is a high risk of friction.

Question 20

How are joints kept stable?

Answer 20

By the shape of articulating surfaces, fibrous capsules, ligaments and muscles.

Question 21

Define anastomoses

Answer 21

Cross connection between adjacent channels tubes, fibres etc.

Question 22

What does Hilton’s law state?

Answer 22

The nerve supplying the muscle that crosses a certain joint must also innervate this joint.