Cardiac Meds

Question 1

ARBS

Answer 1

Drugs that end in SARTAN

Question 2

Losartan (cozaar)

Answer 2

ARBs

Question 3

Valsartan( Diovan)

Answer 3

ARBs

Question 4

Irbesartan (Avapro)

Answer 4

ARBs

Question 5

What is the action of ARBs

Answer 5

They block the action of angiotensin 2 at the receptor sites

Question 6

Angiotensin 2 is a

Answer 6

Is a super powerful Vasoconstrictor that will increase BP

It also causes the secretion of
ALDOSTERONE which is a hormone in the adrenal glands that also elevates the BP

Question 7

What are the effects of ARBs

Answer 7

1. They lower BP and workload of the heart. Vessels (arteries and veins) dilate!
2. Helps kidney excrete sodium and water

Question 8

ARBs 4 contraindications

Answer 8

Patients with

1. ) grapefruit
2. )hyperkalemia
3. )renal failure.
4. )Pregnancy/breastfeeding

Question 9

Ace Inhibitors

Answer 9

Drugs that end in pril

Question 10

Lisinopril ( zestril)

Answer 10

Ace inhibitor

Question 11

Catopril (capoten)

Answer 11

Ace inhibitor

Question 12

Enalapril (vasotec)

Answer 12

Ace inhibitor

Question 13

What is the action of ace inhibitors

Answer 13

They block the enzyme that convert angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2

Question 14

What are the effect of ace inhibitors

Answer 14

1. They lower BP and workload of the heart. Vessels (arteries and veins) dilate!
2. Helps kidney excrete sodium and water

Question 15

Ace inhibitors contraindicated

A side effect is-

Avoid?

Answer 15

Patients with hyperkalemia or

Pregnancy/breastfeeding

Avoid potassium supplements

A side effect is -angioedma
(Notice the dry cough)

Question 16

Beta blockers

Answer 16

Drugs that end In ololol

Question 17

Beta blockers/ calcium channel blocker’s treat the same 3 things

But beta blockers get also treat _____?

Answer 17

1. ) HTN
2. ) Angina
3. )Arrhythmias

But beta blockers get also treat glaucoma

Question 18

F What is the action , effect and contraindications of beta blockers

Contraindications?

Hold if the HR is less than __?

Answer 18

Beta blockers

Action- block epinephrine and norepinephrine from binding to beta receptors on nerves

Effects- decrease BP and pulse and decrease contractility

Contraindications-asthmatics and Diabetic patients and OTC cold meds

Hold if the Heart rate is less than 60

Question 19

Metoprolol

Answer 19

Beta blockers

Action- block epinephrine and norepinephrine from binding to beta receptors on nerves

Effects- decrease BP and pulse and increase contractility

Contraindications-asthmatics and diabetics

Question 20

What is the action , effect and contraindications of Calcium channel blockers

Hold if HR is_____?

Answer 20

Drugs that end in pine

Action-block ion calcium from crossing into the heart muscle cells

Effects- decrease BP and ; pulse and increase contractility

Contra-indications-MI history , grapefruit

Hold if HR is less than 60

Question 21

Nifedipine

Answer 21

Calcium channel blocker

Question 22

Amlodipine

Answer 22

Calcium channel blocker

Question 23

Cardiazem/Diltiazem

Answer 23

Anti- Arrhythmic ( also a CCB)

Action - use for Afib-slows the heart rate

Question 24

Amiodarone

Answer 24

Anti-arrhythmic

Action- used for A-fib, V- Fib and V TACH -slows the heart rated to

Question 25

Lidocaine

Answer 25

Anti-arrhythmic Action-a fib/v-tach-slows the heart rate

Question 26

Digoxin

Answer 26

Anti-arrhythmic Action- used for afib- slow the heart rate

Question 27

Digoxin action- _____? Effects - ____ ? Contraindications- always take an apical pulse 1st, hold if HR is less than ____ In adult and less than ___ in infants Therapeutic level ___. If greater than ___,patient is toxic

Answer 27

action- nobody really knows exactly how digoxin works. However there are many theories! Effects - slow down the heart rate, lowers BP and tissue perfusion Contraindications- always take an apical pulse 1st, hold if HR is less than 60 In adult and less than 90 in infants Therapeutic level 1-2. If greater than 2,patient is toxic

Question 28

Signs of digoxin toxicity: And ; If patient is toxic , give_____? What is a warning sign of digoxin toxicity in infants and children? Patients must monitor ____levels?why?

Answer 28

Client will see yellow spots, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. If patient is toxic , give activated charcoal or digiband What is a warning sign of digoxin toxicity in infants and children? Bradycardia Patient’s must monitor potassium levels. Low potassium levels can increase the risk of a digoxin toxicity

Question 29

Atropine

Answer 29

Anti- Arrhythmic Action-used for bradycardia-Speed the heart( can also be used for asystole AFTER epinephrine) Can Also be used as an eye drop. It dilates the pupil( mydriatict)

Question 30

Epinephrine

Answer 30

Anti-arrhythmic Action- used for asystole (absent heart )-speeds the heat rate

Question 31

Nitrate Action- vasodilator _____ preload and after load of the heart Effects- _____ BP and _____ oxygenation of tissues Contra-indication- -if given nitro SL, a nurse can give only up to ______?Give one tablet every_____ minutes. Do not do what while taking it? - if giving nitroglycerin via a patch , never place over a _____ and remove before patient Goes into __ - If the MD orders nitro IV, place on an ____

Answer 31

Action- vasodilator stop reduce preload and after load of the heart Effects- lowers BP and increase oxygenation of tissues Contra-indication- do not take with sildenafil citrate. A client can take one or the other but not both because it will cause severe hypotension! -if given nitro SL, a nurse can give only up to 3 tablets over 15 minutes. Give one tablet every 5 minutes. Call emergency medical service if the first tablet is ineffective and you require a second tablet. Do not eat or drink while taking it - if giving nitroglycerin via a patch , never place over a pacemaker and remove before patient Goes into MRI - If the MD orders nitro IV, place on an infusion pump always.

Question 32

Nitroglycerin

Answer 32

Nitrate

Question 33

Imdur

Answer 33

Nitrate

Question 34

Isordil

Answer 34

Nitrate

Question 35

Hold nitrates if

Answer 35

If the systolic blood pressure is less than 100, or heart rate is less than 60 * Yes, client will complain of a headache after give the nitroglycerin because all the vessels dilate, even the ones in the head. If u get the nitroglycerin paste on your hands you will get a headache too so wear gloves

Question 36

Any time you give a cardiac medication, watch for _____, ____. Before you give them, check ______ and _____??? Tell heart patients to stay away from __ and ____?

Answer 36

Any time you give a cardiac medication, watch for HEADACHE, HYPOTENSION. Before you give them, check BP and HEART RATE Tell heart patients to stay away from caffeine ( pepsi, coca-cola,,tea, coffee) and nicotine

Question 37

What are the 11 side effects of beta blockers? Big boys hates weak fat nasty virgins Don’t hate any black person not down

Answer 37

Side and adverse effects 1. Bradycardia 2. Bronchospasm 3. Hypotension 4. Weakness, fatigue 5. Nausea, vomiting 6. Dizziness 7. Hyperglycemia 8. Agranulocytosis 9. Behavioral or psychotic response 10. Nightmares 11. Depression