CFI - Oral Questions

Question 0

What are the various types of learning? BICC

Answer 0

Behaviorism
Information processing theory
Cognitive theory
Constructivism

Question 1

Define learning.

Answer 1

Learning is a change of behavior as a result of experience.

In example might be a pilot forgetting to get ATIS before getting ground clearance. Student pilot learns the importance of getting wx prior to contacting ground.

Question 2

Explain behaviorism.

Answer 2

School psychology that explains animal and human behavior entirely in terms of observable and measurable responses to stimuli.

Example: a student approaching the runway for the first time has a tendency to be alarmed of the fast approaching ground and reacts in a way to move himself away from the perceived threatening situation.

Question 3

Explain information processing theory.

Answer 3

Uses a computer system as a model for human learning. Human brain processes incoming info, stores and retrieves it, and generates responses to that info.

Example: Information is stored in little drawers in the brain and when the need arises to access that knowledge the human brain opens that drawer and accesses that information.

Question 4

What is cognitive theory?

Answer 4

What is going on inside the mind, the process of thinking and learning. Being able to problem solve, making decisions, awareness and change in the way the learner thinks understands or feels.

Example: A student pilot realizes fuel exhaustion is a possibility and makes for an alternate.

Question 5

What is Constructivism?

Answer 5

Philosophy of learning that learners do not acquire knowledge and skills passively but actively build or construct them based on their experience.

Example: The student pilot learns how to make level turns by learning the importance of using trim flying straight and level.

Question 6

What are the characteristics of learning (RAMP)

Answer 6

Result of experience
Active process
Multifaceted
Purposeful

Question 7

As a characteristic of learning explain: result of experience.

Answer 7

Everybody reacts differently to every situation.

Example: Every personality will make slightly different choices to every problem encountered.

Question 8

As a characteristic of learning explain: active process.

Answer 8

Students need to react and respond.

Example: When a student pilot starts losing altitude in a steep turn the student needs to learn to make corrective decisions.

Question 9

As a characteristic of learning define: multifaceted

Answer 9

While learning one thing, students may learn other things as well. The student may begin to associate or become more self-reliant.

Example: While learning to correct for wind the student pilot learns how to fly a correct traffic pattern in windy conditions.

Question 10

What are the principles of learning? (REEPIR)

Answer 10

Readiness
Effect
Exercise
Primacy
Intensity
Recency

Question 11

A principle of learning explain: readiness

Answer 11

Basic needs must be satisfied before learning can occur.

Example: A student is ready to learn when he or she has, shelter, belongingness, self-esteem, etc., are fulfilled.

Question 12

A principle of learning explain: effect

Answer 12

Situations that are satisfactory are strengthened and situations followed by discomfort are weakened.

Example: a student performs a good landing for the first time giving confidence where as continued bad landings create a negative effect and lack of confidence.

Question 13

Principle of learning explain: exercise

Answer 13

The more the student does the task, the easier the task becomes.

Example: The more often the student lands the easier it becomes.

Question 14

Principles of learning explain: primacy

Answer 14

The thing the student learns first is going to make the strongest impression. Importance of teaching correct the first time.

Example: Teaching the importance of using checklists first, will make a lasting impression

Question 15

Principles of learning explain: intensity

Answer 15

Exciting and intense experiences help students learn.

Example: Learning proper stall techniques can create a strong learning experience on the importance of attitude control.

Question 16

How do you students forget?

Answer 16

Some people might not encode information correctly to store for later retrieval. What you don’t use, you soon forget. Repressing due to wanting to forget about feelings associated with a subject.

Question 17

How can you help students remember?

Answer 17

Give the student praise about a task well done. Make Associations. Offer positive motivations. Get all the senses involved. Meaningful repetition. The use of mnemonics.

Question 18

What are the responsibilities and characteristics of a flight instructor?

Answer 18

Providing adequate instruction - No two students are like, get to know your student, tailor you’re instructing style to the individual student.

Demand adequate standards of performance - Instructing to PTS, Explain the whys.

Emphasize the positive - Instructor has great influence over the student, display the right attitude, give students positive image of aviation.

Provide meaningful evaluation and supervision - Keeping the flight safe at all times. Determine where soft areas need improvement.

Question 19

What are the sole endorsements? (61.87)

Answer 19

Presolo aeronautical knowledge: section 61.87 (b)

Presolo Flight training: section 61.87 (c)

Presolo Flight training at night: section 61.87 (c) and (o)

Solo flight (each additional 90-day): Section 61.87 (p)

Question 20

What are the sole endorsements? (61.93)

Answer 20

Solo takeoffs and landings at another airport within 25 nm: section 61.93 (b)(1)

Repeated solo cross-country flights not more than 50 nm from the point of departure: 61.93 (b)(2)

Initial solo cross-country flight: section 61.93 (c)(1)

Solo cross-country flight: section 61.93 (c)(2)

Question 21

What are the sole endorsements? (61.95) (91.131)

Answer 21

Solo flight in class B airspace: section 61.95 (a)

Solo flight to, from, or at an airport located in class B airspace: section 61.95 (a) and section 91.131 (b)(1)

Question 22

What endorsements can you give a private pilot?

Answer 22

Aeronautical knowledge test: 61.35 (a)(1), section 61.123 (c), and section 61.125

Flight proficiency/practical test: section 61.103 (f), 61.107 (b), and 61.109

Question 23

What do the endorsements need to include?

Answer 23

Required logbook entries for instruction given (DAALAT R)

Date
Aircraft make and model
Aircraft tail number
Location of take off, and all landings
Aircraft category, condition of flight, and type of piloting time logged
Total time logged
Remarks: tell what was performed & sign with instructor number and expiration date

Question 24

Where do I find the wording for endorsements?

Answer 24

Advisory Circular 61-65E

Question 25

How long is the third class medical valid?

Answer 25

Below the age of 40, 60 calendar months after the age of 40, 24 calendar months.

Question 26

How long is the student certificate valid for?

Answer 26

Student certificate is valid for 60 calendar months prior to age 40 and 24 calendar months after the age of 40. 61.19 (b)(1) and 61.19 (b)(2) Once you receive a student certificate under the age of 40, no matter what age you are it will be valid for 60 calendar months. 61.19 (b)(3)

Question 27

How can a student get a valid certificate after that one has expired?

Answer 27

A new certificate must be obtained through AME or FAA or FSDO, old endorsements carryforward on the new certificate by virtue of carrying the old one.

Question 28

Scenario: 35-year-old student got his third class medical when he started flight training three years ago. What can he do?

Answer 28

Continue flight training and solo flight training as long as his medical and 90 day solo endorsement is still valid.

Question 29

Why does an airplane turn to the left?

Answer 29

The combination of left turning tendencies, spiraling slipstream, gyroscopic procession, p-factor, torque.

Question 30

What are the four forces of flight?

Answer 30

Lift, weight, drag, thrust Lift is equal to weight and thrust is equal to drag.

Question 31

What causes drag?

Answer 31

The two forces of drag are parasite drag, and induced drag. Parasite drag increases with airspeed as the airplanes surfaces resist air movement as the speed increases. Induced drag decreases with airspeed due to the angle of attack decreasing. Induced drag is only increasing with an increasing angle of attack and creating more surface to create more drag forces, such as the flaps.

Question 32

How does a wing make an airplane fly?

Answer 32

The wing is in airfoil, the air that moves over the top of the wing moves at a faster rate than the air moving below the wing. This increase in speed over the top of the wing creates a low pressure. The air moving slower under the wing creates a high-pressure. Both of these forces help push the wind up giving it left.

Question 33

What are the effects of a forward CG?

Answer 33

An airplane with a forward CG is generally more stable, fly at a slower airspeed due to more drag, will stall at a higher indicated stall speed, heavy nose which creates difficulty in the flare on landing. An airplane with a aft CG is generally more unstable, will fly a higher airspeeds due to decreased drag, maybe impossible or difficult to recover from a stall or spin. With a fuel burn the CG moves forward.

Question 34

What information is included in a weather briefing?

Answer 34

``` Convective SIGMETs SIGMETs AIRMETs Surface analysis chart Weather depiction charts Radar summary METARs PIREPs Radar with tops Satellite Area Forecasts TAFs Winds aloft NOTAMs TFRs ```

Question 35

What is a NOTAM-D

Answer 35

Taxiway closures, personnel and equipment near or crossing runways, and airport lighting aids that do not affect instrument approach criteria, such as VASI, Navigation equipment Out of service at this airport. Unlighted towers and or beacons out of service.

Question 36

What is an FDC NOTAM?

Answer 36

The national flight data center will issue these NOTAMs as necessary to disseminate information that is regulatory in nature. They may contain amendments to published IAP's and other current aeronautical charts. They Are used to advertise temporary flight restrictions caused by natural disasters, or large-scale public events and or the president of United States.

Question 37

What information is included in a SIGMET?

Answer 37

Weather advisory contains meteorological information concerning safety of all aircraft. Severe or greater turbulence over a 3000 square-mile area, severe or greater icing over a 3000 square-mile area, or IMC conditions over a 3,000 square-mile area due to dust, sand, or volcanic ash. Valid for up to four hours, Assigned an alphabetic designator from November through Yankee, excluding Sierra and tango.

Question 38

What information is included in a Convective SIGMET?

Answer 38

Issued for an area of thunderstorms affecting an area of 3000 mi.² or greater, a line of thunderstorms at least 60 nm long, and/or severe or embedded thunderstorms affecting any area that is expected to last 30 minutes or longer. Valid for two hours and are issued every hour +55 minutes.

Question 39

What information is given in an AIRMET?

Answer 39

Meteorological conditions causing a safety in-flight, less severe than a SIGMET, moderate turbulence and icing, sustained surface winds of 30 kn or more, or widespread restricted visibility. AIRMET Sierra - Mountain obscuration or IFR ceilings less than 1000 and/or visibility less then 3 miles affecting over 50% of the area at one time. AIRMET Tango - Moderate turbulence, sustained surface winds of 30 kn or more. AIRMET Zulu - Moderate icing, freezing levels. Valid for 6 hours

Question 40

Why is it important to get a weather briefing with clouds and visibility unrestricted while staying local?

Answer 40

A weather briefing gives a record of a weather briefing being conducted, ensures no temporary flight restrictions have been created, verify no adverse weather phenomenon might roll in prior to returning to the airport. Allows you to be aware of navigational facilities out of service. Most updated NOTAMs.

Question 41

How do you train a student to manage accidentally flying into IFR conditions?

Answer 41

First rule of thumb, remain calm. Start a slow 180° turn to exit the IMC conditions. Notify ATC VFR flight is not possible on that heading and altitude and you are making a 180° turn. Do not trust your inner ear and rely solely on your instruments making gentle banks to exit IMC immediately.