ch. 18 smart book missed questions

Question 1

which term refers to the production of blood especially the formed elements

Answer 1

hematopoiesis

Question 2

where are the first hemopoietic tissues in the human embryo found

Answer 2

yolk sac

Question 3

Which term refers to clusters of stem cells that form in the yolk sac, then migrate into the embryo to colonize the liver, spleen, thymus and bone marrow?

Answer 3

Blood islands

Question 4

Hemopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow give rise to colony forming units, which in turn give rise to what?

Answer 4

Formed elements

Question 5

One molecule of hemoglobin contains which of the following?

Answer 5

4 globin chains and 4 heme groups

Question 6

Choose all the clinical measurements that express the blood’s ability to carry oxygen.

Answer 6

RBC count

hemoglobin concentration

hematocrit

Question 7

Red blood cells rely on anaerobic fermentation to produce ATP because they lack the organelle called

Answer 7

mitochondria

Question 8

Which organ produces erythrocytes in the fetus, but only produces lymphocytes in the adult?

Answer 8

Spleen

Question 9

Name the protein that binds oxygen and buffers blood pH.

Answer 9

Hemoglobin

Question 10

How many heme groups are there in each hemoglobin molecule?

Answer 10

4

Question 11

Erythropoietin is secreted by the

Answer 11

kidneys

Question 12

The hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration are clinical data that describe which of the following?

Answer 12

The amount of oxygen the blood can carry

Question 13

The process of erythropoiesis normally takes how many days?

Answer 13

3-5

Question 14

List, in order, the stages of erythropoiesis. Start with the least differentiated cell type at the top and end with erythrocytes.

Answer 14

• hemopoietic stem cells
• colony-forming units
• erythoblasts
• reticulocytes
• erthrocytes

Question 15

Under normal circumstances only 0.5 - 1.5% of the circulating blood cells are reticulocytes. Which medical condition might cause this number to increase?

Answer 15

Excessive blood loss

Question 16

Hypoxemia, resulting from hemorrhage, high altitude, or emphysema, may stimulate which of the following?

Answer 16

erythropoiesis

Question 17

What is the role of erythropoietin?

Answer 17

Stimulates RBC production

Question 18

Hypoxemia can occur transiently, but it is always associated with disease conditions.

Answer 18

false

Question 19

Which cell in the production of a red blood cell leaves the bone marrow to enter the blood?

Answer 19

Reticulocyte

Question 20

Hypoxemia triggers the production of erythropoietin. Erythropoietin increased the rate of erythropoiesis. This an example of which of the following?

Answer 20

Negative feedback control

Question 21

Which protein transports iron in the blood?

Answer 21

Transferrin

Question 22

Choose all that are causes of hypoxemia.

Answer 22

Abrupt increases in activity level

COPD

Emphysema

Question 23

The organ known as the “erythrocyte graveyard” is the

Answer 23

spleen

Question 24

Place the steps of iron metabolism in order. Start with iron intake at the top, and finish with absorption from the digestive tract at the bottom.

Answer 24

1. a mixture of Fe2+ and Fe3+ is ingested
2. the stomach acid converts Fe3+ to Fe2+
3. Fe2+ binds to gastroferritin
4. gastroferritin carries Fe2+ to intestine for absorption

Question 25

What happens to the fragments of old red blood cells after they rupture?

Answer 25

They are recycled by macrophages.

Question 26

Transferrin does which of the following?

Answer 26

Transports iron in the blood

Question 27

What is ferritin?

Answer 27

The storage form of iron in the liver

Question 28

A high level of ________ in the blood causes the yellowish cast in the skin known as jaundice.

Answer 28

billirubin

Question 29

Why are only old RBCs destroyed in the spleen?

Answer 29

Old cells rupture in the narrow channels of the spleen because they are no longer flexible or resilient.

Question 30

What role do macrophages play in RBC death and disposal?

Answer 30

They separate the heme from the globin of hemoglobin, and hydrolyze globin into free amino acids.

Question 31

Sickle-cell disease can cause which type of anemia?

Answer 31

Hemolytic

Question 32

Why does erythropoiesis decrease with age?

Answer 32

The kidneys atrophy and produce less EPO. Gastric atrophy may occur, reducing intrinsic factor secretion. Elderly people tend to get less exercise and eat less well.

Question 33

blood proteins secreted by plasma cells are called

Answer 33

immunoglobins

Question 34

Snake venom is associated with which type of anemia?

Answer 34

Hemolytic

Question 35

Antibodies belong to which class of plasma proteins?

Answer 35

Gamma globulins

Question 36

Sickle-cell disease can cause which type of anemia?

Answer 36

Hemolytic

Question 37

What is agglutination?

Answer 37

The production of large antigen-antibody complexes

Question 38

Which blood type is the most common in the United States?

Answer 38

O

Question 39

A patient's blood does not agglutinate when either anti-A or anti-B antiserum is added to it. Name the patient's blood type.

Answer 39

O

Question 40

What causes hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Answer 40

Maternal anti-D destroys fetal erythrocytes.

Question 41

Histamine is secreted by basophils. What is the physiological role of histamine?

Answer 41

Dilates blood vessels

Question 42

List the leukocytes from most abundant at the top to least abundant (in healthy individuals).

Answer 42

1. neutrophils 2. lymphocytes 3. monocytes 4. eosinophils 5. basophils

Question 43

Lymphocytic colony-forming unit produce which of the following cell types?

Answer 43

Natural killer (NK) cells

Question 44

Which of the following is characteristic of lymphocytes?

Answer 44

Round dark violet staining nucleus, with a light blue cytoplasm

Question 45

Choose all of the following that myeloblasts give rise to

Answer 45

Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

Question 46

A cancer of hematopoietic tissue that produces an increased number of circulating leukocytes

Answer 46

Leukemia

Question 47

A total WBC count is more useful than a differential WBC count when trying to pin down the specific cause of a disease.

Answer 47

false

Question 48

match the precursor cell that arise from each

Answer 48

monoblast--> monocyte myeloblast-->granulocyte lymphoblast-->lymphocyte erythroblast-->erythrocyte

Question 49

match blood cell disorders with its description

Answer 49

leukopenia: total WBC count below 5,000 WBCs leukocytosis: total WBS count above 10,000 WBCs leukemia: cancer of hemopoietic tissues resulting in high numbers of leukocytes polycythemia: abnormally high RBC count

Question 50

The test that determines what percentage of the total WBC counts consists of each type of leukocyte is called a(n)

Answer 50

differential WBC count

Question 51

What is the purpose of a differential WBC count?

Answer 51

To determine the number and ratio of each type of leukocytes in a sample

Question 52

What is the last step of coagulation?

Answer 52

Factor XIII crosslinks fibrin to form fibrin polymer.

Question 53

Procoagulants are also called

Answer 53

clotting factors

Question 54

Hageman factor is also which of the following?

Answer 54

factor XII

Question 55

How is prothrombin activator formed?

Answer 55

When factor X combines with factors III and V