ch 25 and 26 practice test

Question 1

1. digestive process begins with the ingestion of food
2. starting in the mouth the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food is referred to as digestion
3. once foods are broken down into chemical monomers the digestive system moves nutrients from the GI tract into the cells of the body via absorption
4. indigestable residues along with some of the non-reabsorbed secretion of digestive organs, undergo compaction
5. the final step requires defecation where the fecal matter resulting from compaction is excreted from the body

Question 2

accessory organ

Answer 2

• gallbladder
• salivary gland
• tooth
• liver

Question 3

part of the digestive tract

Answer 3

• colon
• duodenum
• buccal cavity
• rectum
• ileum
• jejunum

Question 4

parts of the buccal cavity

Answer 4

• foliate papillae
• gingivae
• submandibular ducts
• labial frenulum

Question 5

parts of the stomach

Answer 5

• gastric pits
• fundus
• gastric rugae
• pylorus
• greater curvature
• three muscle layers

Question 6

function of hydrochloric acid

Answer 6

• converts iron to an absorbable form
• activates pepsin and lingual lipase
• destroys most ingested pathogens
• breaks up connective tissues and cell walls of plants

Question 7

function of pepsin

Answer 7

• digests proteins
• auocatalytic
• active form of a zymogen

Question 8

function of gastric lipase

Answer 8

• digests fat in the stomach

Question 9

function of intrinsic factor

Answer 9

• essential to the absorption of vitamin B12
• dysfunction could causes pernicious anemia

Question 10

1. during the gastric phase food stretched the stomach and activates myenteric and vagovagal reflexes
2. these reflexes stimulate gastric secretions
3. these secretion include gastrin, pepsinogen, and HCl
4. these process will continue in a positive feedback cycle until the phase is complete
5. small peptides buffer stomach acid so the pH does not fall excessively low

Question 11

carbohydrate

Answer 11

• salivary amylase
• maltase
• sucrase

Question 12

lipid

Answer 12

• lingual lipase
• pancreatic lipase
• gastric lipase

Question 13

protein

Answer 13

• pepsin
• chymotrypsin
• carboxypeptidase

Question 14

1. the absorption of carbs from the intestinal lumen occurs directly through secondary active transport
2. sodium-potassium pumps in the basal membrane work to actively transport sodium out the cell towards the interstitium while cotransporting potassium to the intracellular fluid
3. with a declining intracellular concentration of sodium, sodium now diffuses from the intestinal lumen to the ICF of the epithelium
4. the luminal diffusion of sodium to the ICF is coupled with glucose and galactose cotransport into the cell

Question 15

what is the outermost layer of the digestive tract

Answer 15

serosa

Question 16

in which direction do the peristalic contraction of the stomach’s smooth muscle move contents

Answer 16

from the body to the pyloric region

Question 17

what is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food called

Answer 17

digestion

Question 18

which of the hormones does NOT inhibit gastric gland secretions

Answer 18

gastrin

Question 19

which occurs during the gastric phase of gastric secretion

Answer 19

• gastric secretion begins
• the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin is stimulated
• gastric secretion and motility is stimulated in response to food increasing the pH of the stomach’s contents

Question 20

which inhibits the secretion of the gastric glands

Answer 20

duodenal pH of less than two

Question 21

the medulla oblongata controls gastric secretion by utilizing the parasympathetic branch of the nervous system and the endocrine system

Answer 21

false

Question 22

distention of the stomach activates a direct stimulatory effect on the gastric glands

Answer 22

true

Question 23

in the parietal cells the enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes a reaction between

Answer 23

carbon dioxide
water

Question 24

ions exchange molecules in the plasma membrane of the parietal cells exchange ____ ions going out for _ ions coming in

Answer 24

bicarbonate
chloride

Question 25

hydrochloric acid is formed when

Answer 25

hydrogen ions and chloride ions join in the duct of the gastric gland

Question 26

in the parietal cell carbonic acid dissociates into a bicarbonate ion and a hydrogen ion

Answer 26

true

Question 27

the carbonic acid ion is joined to a hydrogen ion by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase

Answer 27

false

Question 28

which does NOT stimulate the secretion of HCl in the stomach

Answer 28

secretin

Question 29

secretin is released from the duodenum in response to

Answer 29

hydrochloric acid in chyme

Question 30

which enzymes is produces by the stomach

Answer 30

pepsin

Question 31

gastric function to increase the production of HCl in the stomach

Answer 31

true

Question 32

as long as there is chyme in the duodenum it will continue to stimulate gastric secretion

Answer 32

false

Question 33

uptake of nutrient molecules into the body's own tissues is called

Answer 33

absorption

Question 34

an ex of chemical digestion is the breakdown of

Answer 34

nucleic acids into nucleotides

Question 35

which is not an accessory organ of digestion

Answer 35

spleen

Question 36

____ is a hormone whereas ____ is an enzyme

Answer 36

secretun pepsin

Question 37

which is not normally found in saliva

Answer 37

protease

Question 38

HCl is secreted by

Answer 38

parietal cells

Question 39

pepsin is secreted as a zymogen

Answer 39

so it acts only in the stomach lumen and does not digest intracellular proteins

Question 40

which of the following enzymes at the lowest pH

Answer 40

pepsin

Question 41

pancreatic enzymes are secreted in response to a hormone called

Answer 41

cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 42

contact digestion takes place in/at the

Answer 42

brush border of the small intestine

Question 43

in which organ does protein digestion begin

Answer 43

D. stomach

Question 44

where does most nutrient absorption occur

Answer 44

F. small intestines

Question 45

where do mass movements occur

Answer 45

E. large intestine

Question 46

in which layer is the muscularis mucosae found

Answer 46

F

Question 47

which layer is controlled by the plexus at A?

Answer 47

D

Question 48

in which layer is the lamina propria found

Answer 48

F

Question 49

which region is examined with a sigmoidoscope

Answer 49

G.

Question 50

where is the hepatic flexure

Answer 50

C

Question 51

which regions are retroperitoneal

Answer 51

B and F