Final Exam: Ch 21

Question 1

Special lymphoid vessels, called lacteals, absorb dietary__________ that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries.

Answer 1

lipids

Question 2

Lymphatic vessels recover about__________ of the fluid filtered by capillaries.

Answer 2

15%

Question 3

Lymph is similar to blood plasma, but very low in__________.

Answer 3

protein

Question 4

Which of the following forces does not help lymph to flow?

Answer 4

The lymphatic node pump

Question 5

__________ are the largest of the lymphatic vessels, and they empty into the__________.

Answer 5

Collecting ducts; subclavian veins

Question 6

Removal of the__________ would be more harmful to a one-year-old child than an adult.

Answer 6

Thymus

Question 7

The only lymphoid organ(s) with afferent lymphatic vessels is(are) the__________.

Answer 7

Lymph nodes

Question 8

The__________ show(s) a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age.

Answer 8

Thymus

Question 9

The__________ tonsils are the largest, and their surgical removal (tonsillectomy) used to be one of the most common surgical procedures performed in children.

Answer 9

Palatine

Question 10

T cells achieve immunocompetence in the__________.

Answer 10

Thymus

Question 11

Which of the following is not an example of lymphoid tissue?

Answer 11

Macrophages

Question 12

Perforin is released by__________.

Answer 12

cytotoxic T cells

Question 13

Immune surveillance is a process in which__________ nonspecifically detect and destroy foreign cells and diseased host cells.

Answer 13

natural killer (NK) cells

Question 14

__________ employ a “respiratory burst” to produce bactericidal chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide (image) and hypochlorite (HClO).

Answer 14

Neutrophils

Question 15

__________ are found especially in the mucous membrane, standing guard against parasites and allergens.

Answer 15

Eosinophils

Question 16

The immune system spans nearly every organ and tissue in the human body.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

__________ lacks the capacity to remember a pathogen or react differently to it in the future, whereas __________ utilizes memory cells to adapt to a given pathogen and ward it off more easily in the future.

Answer 17

Innate immunity; adaptive immunity

Question 18

One group of proteolytic enzymes secreted by natural killer (NK) cells is__________.

Answer 18

granzymes

Question 19

When an enemy cell is present, a(n)__________ secretes perforins, which bore a hole in the enemy cell membrane.

Answer 19

natural killer cell

Question 20

Complement C3b protein coats bacteria and stimulates phagocytosis by__________ during a process called__________.

Answer 20

neutrophils and macrophages; opsonization

Question 21

__________ are antimicrobial proteins.

Answer 21

Interferons

Question 22

Endogenous pyrogens are produced by__________.

Answer 22

neutrophils and macrophages

Question 23

A pyrogen is a substance that causes__________.

Answer 23

fever

Question 24

The first of a series of neutrophil behaviors in inflammation is__________.

Answer 24

margination

Question 25

Which of these cellular agents does not participate in inflammation?

Answer 25

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 26

One characteristic of the immune response is specificity. This means that__________.

Answer 26

immunity is directed against a particular pathogen

Question 27

Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity is effective against__________.

Answer 27

cancer cells

Question 28

Vaccination stimulates__________ immunity.

Answer 28

artificial active

Question 29

The serum used for emergency treatment of snakebites stimulates__________ immunity.

Answer 29

artificial passive

Question 30

A(n)__________ is the region of an antigen that stimulates an immune response.

Answer 30

epitope

Question 31

Each immunoglobulin (Ig) has__________ antigen-binding site(s).

Answer 31

2

Question 32

Which organ is considered the graveyard of erythrocyte graveyard

Answer 32

Spleen

Question 33

T Lymphocytes are born in _____________, trained in ___________ and deployed in _____________

Answer 33

Bone marrow, thymus, location to carry immune function

Question 34

Which of the followingcannot act as antigen-presenting cells?

Answer 34

Antibodies

Question 35

Amongst the lymphocytes, which one represents 80% of the cells

Answer 35

T cells

Question 36

The First line of defense includes

Answer 36

Skin

Question 37

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets mainly__________.

Answer 37

Helper T cells

Question 38

Which of these organs shrinks significantly by adulthood? see photos for pic

Answer 38

A. Thymus

Question 39

Which of these is the largest lymphoid organ in the body? See photos for picture

Answer 39

E. Spleen

Question 40

Which of these structures collects chyle? See photos for picture

Answer 40

B. Cysterna Chyli