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A&P 2 > ch 19 review questions > Flashcards

ch 19 review questions Flashcards

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1
Q

the heart is in a space called

A

pericardial cavity (mediastinum)

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2
Q

the lungs are in a space called the

A

pleural cavity

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3
Q

what are the superior chambers of the heart

A

atria
thinner than ventricles

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4
Q

what are the inferior chambers of the heart

A

ventricles
thicker than atria

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5
Q

the pericardial cavity is filled with

A

pericardial fluid

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6
Q

the pericardial has what kind of layers

A

parietal layer superficially
visceral layer deep

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7
Q

the base of the heart is on the

A

right side
superior to apex

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8
Q

the apex of the heart is on the

A

left side of the heart
inferior to base of heart

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9
Q

the heart muscle has four layers

A

fibrous pericardium
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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10
Q

tendinous cords attach the valve to

A

the papillary muscles

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11
Q

tendinous cords are also called

A

chordae tendinae

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12
Q

the myocardium is the muscle of the

A

heart
does the job of the heart

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13
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

carries blood to lungs for gas exchange and back to heart

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14
Q

systemic circuit

A

supplies oxygenated blood to all tissues of the body and returns it to the heart

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15
Q

valves of the heart

atrioventricular (AV) valve

A

connect the atrium and the ventricle

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16
Q

valves of the heart

right AV (tricuspid) valve

A

usually has 3 cusps

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17
Q

valves of the heart

left AV valve (mitral valve)

A

usually has 2 cusps

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18
Q

valves of the heart

semilunar valves (pulomary and aortic)

A

controls flow from ventricles into great arteries (aorta and pulmonary trunk)

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19
Q

valves of the heart

pulmonary valve

A

connects the right ventricle with the pulmonary trunk

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20
Q

valves of the heart

aortic valve

A

controls the opening between left ventricle and aorta

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21
Q

valves of the heart

interventricular sulcus

A

Two inferior chambers that eject blood into the arteries;
separated from each other by

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22
Q

oxygen poor blood

Study These Flashcards
A

has more CO2 than O2 in the blood

23
Q

oxygen rich blood

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A

more O2 than CO2 in the blood

24
Q

flow of blood

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A
  1. oxygen poor blood from the body enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava
  2. oxygen poor blood then flows through right AV valve into the right ventricle
  3. contraction of right ventricle forces pulmonary valve open
  4. oxygen poor blood goes through the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries to the lungs to unload CO2 and load O2
  5. oxygen rich blood returns from lungs via pulmonary veins to left atrium
  6. oxygen rich blood in left atrium flows through left AV valve into left ventricle
  7. contraction of left ventricle simultaneously with contraction of the right ventricle forces aortic valve open
  8. oxygen rich blood goes through the aortic valve into ascending aorta to distrubute oxygen to the body
25
mediastinum
is in the space in the thoracic cavity between the left and right lungs
26
systole
contraction of the heart
27
diastole
relaxation of the heart
28
ventricular systole
contraction of the ventricles
29
atrial systole
contraction of the atria
30
stroke volume
the amount of blood ejected from the ventricles but after contraction not all the blood in the ventricles is ejected the amount left in ventricles is called the **end-systolic volume (ESV)**
31
end-systolic volume (ESV)
the amount of blood left in ventricles after contraction
32
end-diastolic volume (EDV)
blood that remains in the ventricles after contraction of the ventricles
33
cardiac output
the amount of blood ejected by each ventricle in 1 minute
34
isovolumetric contraction
ventricles are contracted but do not eject blood because cardiomyocytes exert force, but the blood cannot go anywhere
35
isovolumetric relaxtion
semiunar valves are closed and AV valves have not yet opened, so no change in blood volume
36
pressure
causes flow
37
resistance
opposes flow
38
during contraction (systole) the pressure
increases
39
during relaxtion (diastole) the pressure
decreases
40
atrial diastole
relaxtion of atria
41
pressure gradient
pressure difference between 2 points
42
action potential of cardiac muscle
1. voltage gated Na+ channels open 2. Na+ inflow depolarizes the membrane and triggers the opening of still more Na+ channels, creating a positive feedback cycle and a rapidly rising membrane voltage 3. Na+ channcels close when the cell depolarizes and the voltage peaks at nearly +30 mV 4. Ca2+ entering through slow Ca2+ channels prolongs depolarization of membrane, creating a plateau Plateau falls slightly because of some K+ leakage but most K+ channels remain closed until end of plateau 5. Ca2+ channels close and Ca2+ is transported out of cell K+ channels open and rapid K+ outflow returns membrane to its resting potential
43
cardiac muscle has a long absolute refractory period of
250 ms compared to 1 to 2 ms in skeletal muscle
44
absolute refractory period prevents
summation and tetanus
45
summation and tetanus
would stop the pumping action of the heart
46
ventricular filling
ventricles expand and their pressure drops below that of the atria
47
edema
congested heart failure the swelling of the body
48
congested heart failure (CHF)
results from the failure of either ventricle to eject blood effectively
49
if it the CHF of the left ventricle then blood will be back up in the
lungs causing pulmonary edema
50
if it is the CHF of the right ventricle then blood will be back up in the
vena cava causing systemic or generalized edema (swelling of the body)
51
heart sounds are caused by the
turbulence of blood in the blood vessels and the movement of heart muscles
52
# heart sounds S1: first sound (lubb) louder and longer
happens when AV valves close during the isovolumetric contraction
53
# heart sounds S2: second sound (dupp) softer and sharper
happens when the semilunar valves close during isovolumetric relaxation

A&P 2 (55 decks)

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