ch 26 smartbook missed questions

Question 1

which is secreted by adipocytes in levels proportional to the amount of stored fat and thus is the primary indicator of fat reserves

Answer 1

leptin

Question 2

which is considered a short-term regulator of appetite

Answer 2

cholecystokinin

Question 3

which nucleus located in the hypothalamus is an important brain center for appetite regulation

Answer 3

arcuate nucleus

Question 4

which nickname best described the role of ghrelin in appetite regulation

Answer 4

hunger hormone

Question 5

which is a secretion of the arcuate nucleus that inhibits eating

Answer 5

melanocortin

Question 6

alcohol and sugary foods are considered _________ _______
calories that do not provide nutrients that the body requires

Answer 6

empty calories

Question 7

choose all that function in long-term appetite regulation

Answer 7

insulin
leptin

Question 8

which hormone is secreted by the appetite-regulating neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and act as a potential appetite stimulant

Answer 8

neuropeptide Y

Question 9

choose all that are types of nutrients

Answer 9

• carbohyrdates
• water
• proteins
• minerals
• vitamins
• lipids

Question 10

choose all that are considered macronutrients b/c they must be consumed in relatively large quantities

Answer 10

• carbohyrdates
• lipids
• proteins
• water

Question 11

one neural network of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus secretes _____ which inhibits eating

Answer 11

melanocortin

Question 12

choose all that are ex of carbohyrdates

Answer 12

• glycogen
• glucose
• sucrose

Question 13

what are the 3 principles forms of dietary carbohydrates

Answer 13

• polysaccharides
• disaccharides
• monosaccharides

Question 14

choose all that are dietary disaccharides

Answer 14

• maltose
• sucrose
• lactose

Question 15

which term refers to a carbohydrate molecule comprised of many glucose monomers

Answer 15

polysaccharide

Question 16

choose all that are ex of water-insoluble fiber

Answer 16

• cellulose
• lignin
• hemicellulose

Question 17

choose all the substances that cholesterol is a precursor for

Answer 17

• vitamin D
• testosterone
• estrogen
• bile acids

Question 18

choose all the statements about dieatery fat that are true

Answer 18

• fat should account for no more than 35% of one’s daily caloric intake
• people who ingest less than 20g of fat per day are at risk of vitamin deficiency
• a well-nourished adult meets 80% to 90% of his or her resting energy needs from fat

Question 19

choose all that are ex of water-insoluble fiber

Answer 19

• cellulose
• lignin
• hemocellulose

Question 20

choose all members of the electron-transport chain

Answer 20

• flavin mononucleotide
• copper ions
• coenzyme Q
• cytochromes

Question 21

for several hours during and after a meal you are in the _____ state

Answer 21

absorptive

Question 22

the pH imbalance that occurs as a result of a high concentration of ketone bodies in the blood known as

Answer 22

ketoacidosis

Question 23

the absorptive state is regulated largely by the hormone ____ which is secreted in response to elevated blood glucose and amino acid levels

Answer 23

insulin

Question 24

in which metabolic pathway is ammonia combined with CO2 in the liver to produce a less toxic waste

Answer 24

the urea cycle

Question 25

insulin _____ gluconeogensis

Answer 25

inhibits

Question 26

protein synthesis is stimulated by which of the following

Answer 26

* growth hormone * thyroid hormone * insulin

Question 27

what is amination

Answer 27

addition of a NH2 to a molecule

Question 28

it is critical that the postabsorptive state maintains blood glucose levels b/c the _____ cannot use alt an energy source except in cases of prolonged fasting

Answer 28

brain

Question 29

during which state are nutrients being absorbed and may be used immediately for energy

Answer 29

absorptive state

Question 30

which hormone is most important in regulating the absorptive state

Answer 30

insulin

Question 31

what is cachexia

Answer 31

wasting away; associated with chronic diseases

Question 32

choose all that are effects of insulin

Answer 32

* inhibits glucogenesis * stimulates glycogenesis * stimulates glucose oxidation

Question 33

which factors regulate metabolism during the postabsorptive state

Answer 33

* sympathetic nervous system * glucagon

Question 35

during the ____ state energy may be provided by mechanisms such as the breakdown of

Answer 35

postabsorptive

Question 36

a person's basal metabolic rate (BMR) is his or her metabolic rate during which 3 situations

Answer 36

* at a cooler temp * in a post absorptive state * relaxed

Question 37

when does the absorptive state occur

Answer 37

for several hours during and after a meal

Question 38

the sum of basal metabolic rate and energy expenditure for voluntary activities is

Answer 38

total metabolic rate

Question 39

choose all that tend to lower total metabolic rate

Answer 39

* prolonged starvation * depression * apathy

Question 40

if glycogen and fat reserves are depleted the body begins to use the macromolecule

Answer 40

protein as fuel

Question 41

refers to the amount of energy released per unit of time (kcal/h or kcal/day)

Answer 41

metabolic rate