Ch. 30 Renal - Book/1

Question 1

minimal change nephropathy is to

Answer 1

predominant cause of nephrotic syndrome

Question 2

glomerulonephritis primary glomerular injury causes include

7

Answer 2

1. immunologic responses
2. ischemia
3. free radicals
4. drugs
5. toxins
6. vascular disorders
7. infection

Question 3

the predominant cause of nephrotic syndrome is

Answer 3

minimal change nephropathy, most common in children

Question 4

immune mechanism injuries that cause glomerulonephritis damages what
4

Answer 4

1. capillary filtration membrane
2. endothelium
3. basement membrane
4. epithelium (podocytes)

Question 5

nephritic syndrome occurs primarily with

Answer 5

infection-related glomerulonephritis

Question 6

excretion of 3.5 g or more of protein in the urine per day

Answer 6

nephrotic syndrome

Question 7

glomerulonephritis immune injury increases and decreases what
2

Answer 7

1. increases membrane permeability

2. reduces membrane surface area

Question 8

urinalysis of proteinuria with RBCs w/ casts is to

Answer 8

glomerular disease

Question 9

reduced GFR during glomerulonephritis shows reduced what

Answer 9

creatinine clearance

Question 10

severe of progressive glomerular disease causes

5

Answer 10

1. oliguria
2. HTN
3. renal failure
4. salt and water retention
5. edema

Question 11

the severity of glumerular damage and decline in function is related to
3

Answer 11

1. size, number, and location of cell injury
2. duration of exposure
3. type of Ag-Ab complexes

Question 12

nephrotic syndrome is commonly tx by

Answer 12

consuming moderate protein constriction, low fat, salt restricted diet with diuretics

Question 13

nonimmune gluerular injury is related to

6

Answer 13

1. ischemia
2. metabolic disorders (DM)
3. toxin exposure
4. drugs
5. vascular disorders (vasculitis)
6. infection

Question 14

glomerulonephritis - GFR decreases, resulting in

Answer 14

increased serum creatinine levels

Question 15

nephrotic syndrome is the

Answer 15

excretion of 3.5 g or more of protein in the urine per day

Question 16

elevated plasma urea and creatinine is to

Answer 16

glomerulonephritis

Question 17

glomerulonephritis - what decreases

Answer 17

GFR

Question 18

dx of glomerular disease is confirmed with lab findings of abnormal urinalysis with

Answer 18

1. proteinuria
2. RBCs
3. WBCs
4. casts

Question 19

glomerulonephritis - immune injury is caused by

Answer 19

activation of biochemical mediators of inflammation i.e. cytokines

Question 20

nephrotic syndrome excessive protein secretion occurs when

Answer 20

filtration of proteins exceeds tubular reabsorption

Question 21

nephrotic syndrome is associated with certain

4

Answer 21

1. drugs i.e. NSAIDs
2. infections
3. malignancies
4. vascular disorders

Question 22

glomerulonephritis type III hypersensitivity

Answer 22

antigen-antibody complexes

Question 23

glomerulonephritis results in
4
-3x decreased

Answer 23

1. decreased blood flow
2. decreased driving HP
3. decreased GFR
4. hypoxic injury

Question 24

glomerulonephritis - the most common types of immune injury are
2

Answer 24

1. deposition of circulating antigen-antibody immune complexes into the glomerulus (type III)
2. reaction of Abs in situ against planted antigens within the glomerulus (type II)

Question 25

reduced CFR during glomerulonephritis is evidenced by elevated what 3

Answer 25

1. plasma urea 2. cystatin C 3. creatinine concentration

Question 26

nephrotic syndrome albumin level

Answer 26

decreases

Question 27

nephrotic syndrome - concentrations of cholesterol. phospholipids, and triglycerides

Answer 27

increase

Question 28

nephrotic syndrome is dx when

Answer 28

the protein level in a 24 hour urine collection is greater than 3.5 g

Question 29

glomerulonephritis - what two things develop because of loss of negative electrical charge across glomerular filtration membrane and increase pore size

Answer 29

1. proteinuria | 2. hematuria

Question 30

two major symptoms distinctive to more severe glomerulonephritis are 2

Answer 30

1. hematuria with RBC casts | 2. proteinuria exceeding 3-5 g/day with albumin (macroalbuminuria) as the major protein

Question 31

in nephrotic syndrome, what lead to increased permeability to protein and loss of electrical negative charge 2

Answer 31

1. disturbances in the basement membrane | 2. podocyte injury

Question 32

what two things have been associated with progressive glomerular and tubular injury 2

Answer 32

1. hypercholesterolemia | 2. proteinuria

Question 33

primary causes of nephrotic syndrome include | 3

Answer 33

1. nephropathy 2. membranous glomerulonephritis 3. focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 34

hematuria and RBC casts in the urine

Answer 34

nephritic syndrome

Question 35

glomerulonephritis tx | 3

Answer 35

1. antibodies 2. corticosteroids suppress inflammation 3. cytotoxic agents to suppress immune response

Question 36

glomerulonephritis type II hypersensitivity

Answer 36

antibodies react against antigens

Question 37

nonimmune glomerulonephritis vascular disorder ex | 1

Answer 37

vasculitis

Question 38

secondary glomerular injury is a consequence of systemic disease including 5

Answer 38

1. DM 2. HTN 3. bacterial toxins 4. congestive heart failure 5. HIV related kidney disease

Question 39

in nearly all types of glomerulonephritis, what is disturbed with loss of negative charges and changes in permeability

Answer 39

1. epithelial or podocyte layer of the glomerular capillary membrane

Question 40

glomerulonephritis edema may require the use of | 2

Answer 40

1. diuretics | 2. dialysis

Question 41

nonimmune glomerulonephritis metabolic disorder ex | 1

Answer 41

DM

Question 42

nephritic syndrome is

Answer 42

hematuria and RBC casts in the urine

Question 43

acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 43

inflammation of the glomerulus caused by primary glomerular injury