Ch. 36 GI - Book/3

Question 1

accumulation of ascitic fluid causes

3

Answer 1

1. abdominal distention
2. increased abdominal girth
3. weight gain

Question 2

what causes light colored stool

Answer 2

the complete obstruction of bile flow from the liver to the duodenum

Question 3

causes of ascites include

6

Answer 3

1. cirrhosis #1
2. heart failure
3. constrictive pericarditis
4. abdominal malignancies
5. nephrotic syndrome
6. malnutrition

Question 4

long term portal HTN problems include

5

Answer 4

1. varices
2. splenomegaly
3. ascites
4. hepatic encephalopathy
5. hepatopulmonary syndrome

Question 5

obstructive jaundice can result from

2

Answer 5

extrahepatic (post) or intrahepatic obstruction

Question 6

partial obstruction of bile flow from liver to duodenum results in what stool

Answer 6

normal in color

Question 7

jaundice in newborns is caused by

Answer 7

impaired bilirubin uptake and conjugation

Question 8

obstruction of bile canaliculi can cause

Answer 8

intrahep obstructive jaundice

Question 9

itching aka

Answer 9

pruritus

Question 10

intrahep obstructive jaundice involves

2

Answer 10

1. disturbances in hepatocyte function

2. obstruction of bile canaliculi

Question 11

several factors contribute to the development of ascites

4

Answer 11

1. portal HTN
2. decreased synthesis of albumin by the liver
3. splanchnic arterial vasodilation
4. renal sodium and water retention

Question 12

most common cause of portal HTN is

Answer 12

fibrosis and obstruction caused by cirrhosis of the liver

Question 13

decreased bilirubin uptake or conjugation causes

Answer 13

unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Question 14

disorders of bilirubin metabolism (unconjugated bilirubin) can be caused by
2

Answer 14

1. drug induced

2. hereditary disorder

Question 15

pruritis aka

Answer 15

itching

Question 16

icterus aka

Answer 16

jaundice

Question 17

hemolytic jaundice causes

Answer 17

hemolytic anemias i.e. sickle cell

Question 18

10% of people with ascites develop what

Answer 18

bacterial peritonitis

Question 19

hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice can result from

3

Answer 19

1. extrahepatic (posthepatic) obstruction to bile flow
2. intrahepatic obstruction
3. prehepatic excessive production of unconjugated bilirubin

Question 20

portal HTN is caused by

Answer 20

disorders that obstruct or impede blood flow through any component of the portal venous system or vena cava

Question 21

hepatic encephalopathy results from a combo of

Answer 21

biochemical alterations that affect neurotransmission and brain function

Question 22

the complete obstruction of bile flow from the liver to the duodenum causes

Answer 22

light colored stool

Question 23

most common cause of ascites

Answer 23

cirrhosis

Question 24

excessive hemolysis of RBC can cause

Answer 24

hemolytic jaundice (pre or nonobstructive)

Question 25

portal HTN is

Answer 25

abnormally high BP in the portal venous system caused by resistance to blood flow

Question 26

complications common to all liver disorders | 5

Answer 26

1. portal HTN 2. ascites 3. hepatic encephalopathy 4. jaundice 5. hepatorenal syndrome

Question 27

abnormally high BP in the portal venous system caused by resistance to blood flow

Answer 27

portal HTN

Question 28

extrahep obstructive jaundice develops if

Answer 28

the common bile duct is occluded

Question 29

what accompanies jaundice because bilirubin accumulates in the skin

Answer 29

pruritus/itching

Question 30

hepatic encephalopathy - ammonia cannot be converted to

Answer 30

urea

Question 31

what lab evaluation establishes whether elevated plasma bilirubin is conjugated or unconjugated or both

Answer 31

serum levels

Question 32

disorders that obstruct or impede blood flow through any component of the portal venous system or vena cava

Answer 32

portal HTN

Question 33

ascites - portal HTN and reduced albumin levels cause

Answer 33

capillary hydrostatic pressure to exceed capillary osmotic pressure, pushing water into the peritoneal cavity

Question 34

two common things that occlude bile duct

Answer 34

1. inflammation | 2. gallstone

Question 35

jaundice is caused by

Answer 35

hyperbilirubinemia

Question 36

portal HTN intrahepatic causes result from | 7

Answer 36

1. vascular remodeling with shunts 2. thrombosis 3. inflammation 4. fibrosis 5. biliary cirrhosis 6. viral hepatitis 7. schistosomiasis (parasitic infection)

Question 37

portal HTN posthepatic causes occur from | 2

Answer 37

1. hepatic vein thrombosis | 2. cardiac disorders that impair the pumping ability of the right side of the heart

Question 38

jaundice aka

Answer 38

icterus

Question 39

bacterial peritonitis from ascites sx | 5

Answer 39

1. fever 2. chills 3. abdominal pain 4. decreased bowl sounds 5. cloudy ascitic fluid

Question 40

sx from jaundice of viral of bacterial inflammation in the liver 3

Answer 40

1. fever 2. chills 3. pain

Question 41

urine may be what, several days before the onset of jaundice

Answer 41

darker