drugs that relax the LES and can cause GERD 4

1. anticholinergics 2. nitrates 3. calcium channel blockers 4. nicotine

1. proton pump inhibitors 2. H2-receptor antagonists 3. prokinetics 4. antacids

Ch. 36 GI - Book/1 Flashcards by D S

asthma may trigger

GERD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GERD impednace/pH monitoring measures

the movement of stomach contents upward into the esophagus and the acidity of the refluxate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

drugs that relax the LES and can cause GERD

anticholinergics
nitrates
calcium channel blockers
nicotine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the severity of esophagitis depends on

composition of gastric contents

2. esophageal mucosa exposure time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ulcers of antral region

gastric

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

gastric ulcers usually develop where

antral region

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

peptic ulcer erosion

superficial ulcerations; erode the mucosa but do not penetrate the muscularis mucosa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

gastric ulcers

ulcers of the stomach

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what levels are evaluated to ID ulcers associated with gastric carcniomas

radioimmune assays of gastrin levels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

decreased mass of parietal cells

gastric ulcer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ulcers of the stomach

gastric ulcer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

zollinger-ellison syndrome

rare syndrome that is associated with peptic ulcers caused by gastrin-secreting neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas of duodenum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

txs for GERD

proton pump inhibitors
H2-receptor antagonists
prokinetics
antacids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

agents of choice for controlling and healing esophagitis

proton pump inhibitors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

gastric secretions may be normal or less than normal

gastric ulcer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

chronic cough may trigger

GERD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

duodenal ulcer exacerbation develops when

spring and fall

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

heartburn aka

pyrosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

duodenal ulcers - healing

often heal spontaneously but recur within months w/o tx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

duodenal ulcer perforation occurs with

destruction of all layers of the duodenal wall

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bleeding from duodenal ulcers causes

hematemesis

2. melena

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cause of esophagitis

GERD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when do GERD sx worsen

individual lies down

2. intraabdominal pressure increases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

superficial ulcerations; erode the mucosa but do not penetrate the muscularis mucosa

peptic ulcer erosion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GERD surgery name

laparoscopic fungoplication

reflux of acid and pepsin or bile salts from the stomach into the esophagus that causes esophagitis

GERD

precancerous lesions of esophagus are called

barrett esophagus

most common ulcer

duodenal

GERD may be triggered from | 2

1. asthma | 2. chronic cough

complications of duodenal ulcers include | 3

1. bleeding 2. perforation 3. obstruction of the duodenum or outlet of stomach

ulcers that tend to be chronic

gastric

GERD is the

reflux of acid and pepsin or bile salts from the stomach into the esophagus that causes esophagitis

host response to h. pylori infection is

activation of B and T cells with infiltration of neutrophils and release of inflammatory cytokines that damages the gastric epithelium

pyrosis

heartburn

peptic ulcers develop when

mucosal protective factors are overcome by erosive factors commonly caused by NSAIDs and h. pylori infection

esophagitis precancerous lesions (barrett) can progress to

adenocarcinoma

clinical manifestations of GERD | 7

1. heartburn (pyrosis) 2. acid regurgitation 3. dysphagia 4. chronic cough 5. asthma attacks 6. laryngitis 7. upper abdominal pain 1 hour after eating

duodenal ulcer are commonly caused by | 2

h. pylori | NSAIDs

true ulcers extends

through the muscular mucosa and damage blood vessels, causing hemorrhage

H. pylori is tx with combo of | 2

1. antibiotics | 2. proton pump inhibitors

gastric ulcers can cause more what than duodenal ulcers | 3

1. anorexia 2. vomiting 3. weight loss

pain of gastric ulcer occurs when

almost immediately after eating

peptic ulcer locations | 3

1. lower esophagus 2. stomach 3. duodenal

GERD mucosal injury includes | 6

1. inflammation 2. hyperemia 3. increased capillary permeability 4. edema 5. tissue fragility 6. erosion

peptic superficial ulcerations aka

erosions

causes of gastric ulcers include | 5

1. chronic gastritis 2. decreased mucosal synthesis of prostaglandins 3. duodenal reflux 4. use of NSAIDs 5. h. pylori

hiatal hernia is to

GERD

what two concentration cause duodenal ulcer

1. acid | 2. pepsin

gastric ulcer prevalence

equally common in male and female age 55-65

disorders that delay stomach emptying include | 3

1. gastroparesis 2. gastric ulcers 3. duodenal ulcers

chronic intermittent pain in the epigastric area about 2-3 hours after eating, when the stomach is empty

duodenal ulcer

idiopathic duodenal ulcers are rare and can be associated with 4

1. altered mucosal defenses 2. rapid gastric emptying 3. elevated serum gastrin levels 4. acid production stimulated by smoking

what abnormalities can cause GERD | 3

1. abnormalities in LES function 2. abnormalities in esophageal motility 3. abnormalities in gastric motility or emptying

delay or gastric emptying can cause

GERD

GERD esophageal endoscopy may show | 4

1. hyperemia 2. edema 3. erosion 4. strictures

rare syndrome that is associated with peptic ulcers caused by gastring-secreting neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas of duodenum

zollinger ellison syndrome

risk factors for GERD include | 4

1. older age 2. obesity 3. hiatal hernia 4. drugs/chemicals that relax the LES

delayed gastric emptying can contribute to reflux esophagitis by 2

1. lengthening the period during which reflux is possible | 2. increasing gastric acid content

long term consequence of GERD

barrett esophagus (precancerous lesions)

GERD stands for

gastroesophageal reflux disease

the characteristics manifestations of duodenal ulcer is

chronic intermittent pain in the epigastric area about 2-3 hours after eating, when the stomach is empty

peptic ulcer

break or ulceration in the protective mucosal lining of the lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum

detected using the urea breath test

h. pylori

break or ulceration in the protective mucosal lining of the lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum

peptic ulcer

increased secretion of gastrin causes excess secretion of

gastric acid

risk factors for peptic ulcer | 8

1. h. pylori 2. NSAIDs 3. alcohol 4. smoking 5. advanced age 6. chronic disease 7. type O blood 8. psychological stress

gastroesophageal reflux that does not cause sx is known as

physiologic reflux

GERD dysplastic changes aka

barrett esophagus

gastric ulcer - a break in the mucosal barrier permits what

hydrogen ions to diffuse into the mucosa, where they disrupt permeability and cell structure

what is often associated with development of gastric ulcers

chronic gastritis

gastric ulcer - histamine function

stimulates the increase of acid and pepsinogen production, blood flow, and cap permeability (increased disruption)

gastric ulcer - primary defect is

an abnormality that increases the mucosal barrier's permeability to hydrogen ions

h. pylori is detected using | 4

1. urea breath test 2. IgG Abs 3. IgA Abs 4. measure stool Ags levels

Ch. 36 GI - Book/1 Flashcards

(73 cards)