Ch. 30 Renal - Book/2

Question 1

intrarenal/intrinsic AKI can result from

Answer 1

ischemic acute tubular necrosis ATN

Question 2

prerenal AKI - poor perfusion can result from

5

Answer 2

1. hypotension
2. hypovolemia associated with hemorrhage or fluid loss i.e. burns
3. sepsis
4. inadequate CO i.e. MI
5. renal vasoconstriction i.e. NSAIDs

Question 3

what provide an index of renal function during the AKI recovery phase

Answer 3

plasma creatinine concentrations

Question 4

AKI - prevention of injury is possible in which phase

Answer 4

initiation

Question 5

renal failure refers to

Answer 5

significant loss of renal function

Question 6

prevention of AKI involves avoidance of

3

Answer 6

1. hypotension
2. hypovolemia
3. nephrotoxicity

Question 7

postrenal AKI usually occurs with

Answer 7

UTO that affects the kidneys bilaterally

Question 8

when less than 10% of renal function remains, this is termed

Answer 8

ESKD

Question 9

AKI type - renal vasoconstriction i.e. NSAIDs

Answer 9

pre

Question 10

anuria suggests

Answer 10

bilateral renal artery occlusion

Question 11

caused by inadequate kidney perfusion

Answer 11

prerenal AKI

Question 12

increased blood urea nitrogen levels and frequently increased serum creatinine levels

Answer 12

azotemia

Question 13

rare AKI

Answer 13

post

Question 14

what can serve as a measure of GFR (serum protein)

Answer 14

cystatin C

Question 15

sudden decline in kidney function with a decrease in glomerular filtration and urine output with accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood

Answer 15

AKI

Question 16

interval when glomerular function returns but the regerating tubules cannot concentrate the filtrate

Answer 16

AKI recovery/polyuric phase

Question 17

postrenal AKI causes an increase in intraluminal pressure upstream from the site of obstruction with gradual what

Answer 17

decrease in GFR

Question 18

AKI maintenance phase is the period of

Answer 18

established kidney injury and dysfunction after initiating event has been resolved

Question 19

renal insuff levels of serum creatinine and urea are

Answer 19

mildly elevated

Question 20

AKI results from

4

Answer 20

1. ischemic injury related to extracellular volume depletion
2. ischemia from decreased renal blood flow
3. toxic injury from chemicals
4. sepsis-induced injury

Question 21

AKI maintenance phase aka

Answer 21

oliguric phase

Question 22

AKI phase in which reduced perfusion or toxicity in which kidney injury is evolving

Answer 22

initiation

Question 23

anuria is uncommon in

Answer 23

ATN

Question 24

AKI phases

Answer 24

1. initiation
2. maintenance
3. recovery

Question 25

intrarenal AKI aka

Answer 25

intrinsic

Question 26

AKI phase where serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen BUN increase

Answer 26

maintenance

Question 27

AKI recovery phase aka

Answer 27

polyuric phase

Question 28

type of renal failure that can occur after diagnostic catheterization of the ureters

Answer 28

postrenal AKI

Question 29

mechanisms that contribute to oligura | 3

Answer 29

1. alterations in renal blood flow 2. tubular obstruction 3. tubular backleak

Question 30

AKI pre renal aka

Answer 30

renal hypoperfusion

Question 31

AKI initiation phase is the phase of

Answer 31

reduced perfusion or toxicity in which kidney injury is evolving

Question 32

ESKD

Answer 32

<10% of renal function remains

Question 33

can result from ischemic acute tubular necrosis ATN

Answer 33

intra AKI

Question 34

intra AKI from ATN is related to | 6

Answer 34

1. prerenal AKI 2. nephrotoxic ATN 3. acute glomerulonephritis 4. vascular disease 5. allograft rejection 6. interstitial disease

Question 35

a decline in renal function to about 25% of normal or a GFR of 25 to 30 ml/min

Answer 35

renal insufficiency

Question 36

AKI is a

Answer 36

sudden decline in kidney function with a decrease in glomerular filtration and urine output with accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood

Question 37

AKI type - hypotension

Answer 37

pre

Question 38

AKI type - hypovolemia

Answer 38

pre

Question 39

uremia is a syndrome of renal failure and includes elevated what 2

Answer 39

1. blood urea | 2. blood creatinine

Question 40

AKI accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood is to 2

Answer 40

1. creatinine | 2. blood urea

Question 41

most common reason for AKI

Answer 41

prerenal

Question 42

AKI - urine output is lowest during which phase

Answer 42

maintenance

Question 43

how much glomerular filtration must be lost before there is elevation of serum creatitine level

Answer 43

50%

Question 44

prerenal AKI is caused by

Answer 44

inadequate kidney perfusion

Question 45

AKI stands for

Answer 45

acute kidney injury

Question 46

AKI phase where diuresis is common

Answer 46

AKI recovery

Question 47

AKI type - shock

Answer 47

pre

Question 48

AKI type - inadequate CO i.e. MI

Answer 48

pre

Question 49

intra AKI - microcirculatory vasoconstriction occurs in response to

Answer 49

injury and inflammation

Question 50

renal insufficiency refers to

Answer 50

a decline in renal function to about 25% of normal or a GFR of 25 to 30 ml/min

Question 51

uremia is a syndrome of

Answer 51

renal failure

Question 52

Cystatin C

Answer 52

serum protein freely filtered at the glumerulus, that can act as a measure of GFR

Question 53

characteristic finding of postrenal AKI | 2

Answer 53

1. several hours or anuria | 2. flank pain with polyuria

Question 54

AKI phase - established kidney injury and dysfunction

Answer 54

maintenance/oliguric phase

Question 55

uremia is accompanied by | 6

Answer 55

1. fatigue 2. anorexia 3. nausea 4. vomiting 5. pruritus 6. neurologic changes

Question 56

refers to significant loss of renal function

Answer 56

renal failure

Question 57

azotemia is characterized by

Answer 57

increased blood urea nitrogen levels and frequently increased serum creatinine levels

Question 58

AKI recovery/polyuric phase

Answer 58

interval when glomerular function returns but the regeneration tubules cannot concentrate the filtrate