ARF can be caused by 4

1. severe shock 2. burns 3. nephrotoxins 4. acute bilateral kidney infection/inflammation

clinical sx that point to CKD 4

1. proteinuria 2. uremia 3. decreased GFR 4. increased creatinine in plasma

CRF can be caused by 4

1. nephrosclerosis 2. DM 3. nephrotoxins 4. polycystic disease

1. lethargy 2. seizures 3. coma

1. normal 2. mild 3. mod 4. severe 5. end stage

Renal - PowerPoint/2 Flashcards by D S

ARF can be caused by

severe shock
burns
nephrotoxins
acute bilateral kidney infection/inflammation

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CKD with low vit D synthesis and hypocalcemia can lead to

fractures

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AKI maintenance phase - what increase

serum creatinine

2. blood urea nitrogen

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AKI recovery phase - what is common

diuresis

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CKD acid-base balance

metabolic acidosis when GFR 30-40%

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AKI recovery phase - what is increased

creatinine clearance

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AKI phase where serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen are both increased

maintenance

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ARF stands for

acute renal failure

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CKD

progressive loss of renal function that affects nearly all organ systems

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AKI postrenal occurs with

urinary tract obstructions that affect the kidneys bilaterally

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AKI phase where established kidney injury and dysfunction are present

maintenance

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CKD - sodium and water balance; what diminishes

concentration and dilution ability

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CKD mod stage

GFR 30-59

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CKD - what falls

GFR falls

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clinical sx that point to CKD

proteinuria
uremia
decreased GFR
increased creatinine in plasma

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AKI caused by impaired renal blood flow

prerenal

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CRF can be caused by

nephrosclerosis
DM
nephrotoxins
polycystic disease

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AKI - postischemic is to

ATN intra

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CKD neuro sx

lethargy
seizures
coma

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ATN stands for

acute tubular necrosis

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AKI - occurs with urinary tract obstructions that affect the kidneys bilaterally

post renal

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CKD stages

normal
mild
mod
severe
end stage

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CKD end stage

GFR < 15

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AKI prerenal is caused by

impaired renal blood flow

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CKD severe stage

GFR 15-29

CKD potassium balance (tubular)

tubular secretion increases early

CKD sodium and water balance

sodium excretion increases with water excretion leading to sodium deficit and volume loss

AKI phase where urine output is lowest

maintenance

CKD - decreased renal synthesis of | 2

1. vit D | 2. hypocalcemia

AKI phase where kidney injury is evolving

initiation

AKI recovery phase - what is declined | 2

1. serum creatinine | 2. urea

CKD - plasma what increases

creatinine

CKD cardiovascular sx | 3

1. HTN 2. pericarditis 3. heart failure

AKI recovery (polyuric) phase

injury repair and normal renal function reestablish

CKD skin sx | 6

1. pallor 2. sallow pigmentation 3. bruising 4. nail changes 5. 'frost' 6. pruritic

CKD metabolism issues

abnormal protein, carb, and fat metabolism

AKI stands for

acute kidney injury

AKI intra sx

oliguria

most common cause of ARF

prerenal AKI

AKI intrarenal - what is the most common cause of intrarenal renal failure

acute tubular necrosis ATN

CRF early sx | 4

1. polyuria w/ dilute urine 2. anemia 3. fatigue 4. HTN

CKD urine and blood results | 4

1. proteinuria 2. uremia 3. creatinine clearance falls 4. urea clearance falls

CKD - alterations are seen in the following systems | 9

1. cardiovascular 2. pulmonary 3. hematologic 4. immune 5. neurologic 6. GI 7. endocrine 8. reproduction 9. integumentary

AKI prerenal GFR

GFR declines because of the decrease in filtration pressure

progressive loss of renal function that affects nearly all organ systems

CKD

frost and sallow pigmentation is to

CKD

AKI initiation phase | 2

1. kidney injury is evolving | 2. prevention of injury is possible

CKD - once oliguria sets in, what is retained

potassium

CKD proteinuria and uremia due to

glomerular hyperfiltration

CKD anemia sx | 3

1. lethargy 2. dizziness 3. low hematocrit

CKD mild stage

GFR 60-89

AKI ATN can be caused by (intra) | 2

1. postischemic | 2. nephrotoxic

AKI prerenal aka

ischemia

AKI - nephrotoxic is to

ATN intra

CKD normal stage

GFR > 90 mL/min

ARF early sx | 2

1. oliguria | 2. increased serum urea

CKD phosphate excretion

reduced

CKD stands for

chronic kidney disease

``` AKI maintenance (oliguric) phase - there is established what? 2 ```

1. kidney injury | 2. dysfunction

AKI maintenance phase - what is lowest during this phase

urine output

AKI can be caused by

1. renal insufficiency 2. renal failure 3. end stage renal failure ESRF

AKI ATN is to

intrarenal

AKI phases | 3

1. initiation 2. maintenance (oliguric) 3. recovery (polyuric)

CKD is associated with what sx | 3

1. HTN 2. diabetes 3. intrinsic kidney disease

AKI - GFR declines because of the decrease in filtration pressure is to

prerenal

AKI prerenal - severe shock causes

vasoconstriction and decreased blood flow