Ch. 5 Acid Base - Book/1

Question 1

can be eliminated as CO2 gas

Answer 1

volatile

Question 2

nonvolatile acids are

3

Answer 2

1. surlfuric
2. phosphoric
3. other organic acids

Question 3

carbonic acid is to

Answer 3

volatile acid

Question 4

major organs involved in regulating acid base balance

3

Answer 4

lungs
kidneys
bones

Question 5

body acids are formed as end products of

3

Answer 5

fat, protein, and carb metabolism

Question 6

acute lactic acidosis causes include

2

Answer 6

1. poor perfusion

2. hypoxemia

Question 7

renal system compensates pH changes by

Answer 7

producing more acidic or more alkaline urine

Question 8

buffers can

Answer 8

absorb excessive hydrogen ion or hydroxyl ion (base) and prevent significant changes in pH

Question 9

renal and respiratory adjustments to primary changes in pH are known as

Answer 9

compensation

Question 10

metabolic - the specific type of acidosis can be determined by examining the

Answer 10

serum anion gap

Question 11

the most important plasma buffer systems are

2

Answer 11

1. carbonic acid-bicarbonate

2. protein Hgb

Question 12

nonvolatile acids are secreted into

Answer 12

urine by the renal tubules

Question 13

metabolic alkalosis is usually caused by loss of metabolic acids from conditions such as
5

Answer 13

1. vomiting
2. GI suctioning
3. excessive bicarbonate intake
4. hyperaldosteronism
5. diuretic therapy

Question 14

the volatile acid is

Answer 14

carbonic acid, a weak acid

Question 15

nonvolatile

Answer 15

can be eliminated by the kidney

Question 16

strong acids aka

Answer 16

nonvolatile acids

Question 17

early sx of metabolic acidosis

2

Answer 17

headache

lethargy

Question 18

body acids exist in two forms

Answer 18

1. volatile

2. nonvolatile

Question 19

hydrogen ion is needed to

2

Answer 19

1. maintain membrane integrity

2. maintain speed of metabolic enzyme reactions

Question 20

chronic metabolic acidosis causes include

3

Answer 20

1. renal failure
2. DKA
3. starvation

Question 21

correction occurs when

Answer 21

the values for both components of the buffer pair return to normal values

Question 22

most important intracellular buffers are

2

Answer 22

1. phosphate

2. protein

Question 23

respiratory acidosis common causes include

4

Answer 23

1. depression of respiratory center i.e. drugs or head injury
2. paralysis of respiratory muscles
3. disorders of the chest wall
4. disorders of the lung parenchyma

Question 24

starvation is to

Answer 24

metabolic acidosis

Question 25

volatile

Answer 25

can be eliminated as CO2 gas

Question 26

DKA is to

Answer 26

metabolic acidosis

Question 27

renal failure is to

Answer 27

metabolic acidosis

Question 28

the respiratory system compensates for changes in pH by

Answer 28

increasing or decreasing the concentration of carbon dioxide (carbonic acid) by changing ventilation