Ch 31-33 Flashcards
Nixon wanted to _______ us involvement in Vietnam.
End
Nixons foreign policy brought temporary __________ of soviet tensions
Reduction
Who was Nixons aid on foreign affairs and eventual Secretary of State?
Henry Kissinger
Kissinger and Nixon played on what rivalry to break down barriers for the US
Chines and soviet
Nixon rocked the world when he recognized the communist Chinese regime led by who?
Mao Zedong
How did the Soviets react to Nixons visit to China?
They wondered what deals were being made, superstitious of china
This was the term for the lessening of tensions between the United States and Soviet Union
Detente
Who was the leader of the Soviet Union during Nixons presidency?
Leonid Brezhnev
These were treaties between Nixon and Brezhnev that limited military weapons in both countries
SALT treaties
What did salt 1 do?
Limited missiles and froze the number of missiles they were producing for five years
This was the name of the Israeli and Arab conflict in 1973
October war
What was the October war also known as?
Yom Kippur War
Why did OPEC countries agree to cut petroleum exports?
Israel had taken land from them
What was the main effect of the October war upon the US economy?
Oil and gas prices increase
What was the name of Nixons process to get US troops out of Vietnam?
Vietnamization process
regarding Vietnam, Nixon wanted Peace with _______
Honor
What were the three components of Nixon’s Vietnamization process?
1) withdraw US troops and train south Vietnamese to hold there own.
2) Renewed bombing effort, even extending into Cambodia
3) increased bombing ps of Hanoi, take hard line in negotiating with N Vietnam in hopes they would get tired of bombing
What was the most controversial part of the Vietnamization process that spurred lots of protest?
Bombing in Cambodia
What college had one of the worst protests that firebombed the ROTC building and involved the national guard?
Kent State, Ohio
What campus were to African American students killed during protest?
Jackson State
Why was Vietnam called the living room war?
Televised and in the public
With the help of _______ a truce was finally hammered out between the US and North Vietnam
Kissinger
What were the conditions for the US to leave Vietnam within 60 days?
North Vietnam had to turn over all prisoners of war
Once the US left _______ eventually fell to communism
Saigon
Who was the a Republican candidate in the election of 1968?
Nixon
Who was the Democratic candidate in the election of 1968?
Hubert H Humphrey
What convention was deeply divided and disrupted by anti war protests?
Democratic National Convention in Chicago
What was the result of the chaotic democratic convention?
It opened up the door for Nixon to win the election
Nixon shifted responsibilities from the federal government to _______ and ________ govs
Local, state
What agency did Nixon create to help the environment?
Environmental Protection Agency
Who did Nixon appeal to during the 1968 election?
The silent majority
Nixon campaigned that he would restore ________
Law and order
This was Nixons economic policy where instead of giving money to specific programs, the federal government would just give money to the states and allow them to decide how to spend it. Attempt to reduce the governments role.
Revenue Sharing
Nixon entered the White House at a time when _______ and ________ were growing
Inflation, unemployment
As a response to the poor economy, Nixon turned to _____________. Where he would spend more more money in a year that the US got in revenue
Deficit spending
Hoping it would stem inflation, Nixon issue two __________. Each lasting several months
Price freezes
Who did the US side with during the October war?
Israel
Nixon chose to _______ government spending and ____ interest rates
Raise
How did Nixons plan to reduce gov spending and increase interest rates do?
Bad
What did the democrats call Nixons economic disaster?
Nixonomics
Who was the democrat in the election of 1972?
McGovern
Watergate dealt with allegations that _______ broke into democratic headquarters
CREEP
What was Nixon accused of during watergate?
Trying to cover it up, abusing power
There became knowledge that there were ___________ possibly concerning watergate in existence
Tape recordings
Who was the special prosecuted who initially demanded that the tapes be turned over, fired by Nixon
Archibald Cox
Who did Nix appoint as special prosecuted after firing Cox?
Leon Dworskey
What did Dworskey do about the tapes?
He demanded them as well
What did the Supreme Court rule in 1974 regarding the tapes?
They must be turned over
What was discovered on the tapes?
4.5 minutes had been deleted
Nixon becomes only president to _____
Resign
Who was Nixons first Vice President?
Spearou Agnew
Who came into office after Nixon?
Gerald Ford
There was a ___________ in Washington initially after ford came into office
Good feeling
What weakened the good feelings in Washington?
Ford Pardons Nixon on all possible crimes he could have committed
What was the condition of the economy when ford entered office?
Worst since FDR.
What was the new term for economic downfall during fords administration?
Stagflation
Why was the nation divided as Nixon entered the White House?
- close election
- Vietnam protests
- civil rights
- war on poverty
- assassinations of Rob Kennedy and MLKJ
Why was the economy so bad when ford entered office?
Nixon had neglected it do to watergate
This program implemented by ford encouraged people to save money and not spend it, be conscience on fuel spending, and plant vegetable gardens
Win program
What did WIN stand for?
Whip inflation now
Why was WIN not successful?
It was voluntary, faded away quickly
What did Ford move to was the recession worsened?
More direct action
What did Ford do as more direct action?
Increase unemployment benefits, tax cuts
Did Ford’s move to more direct action help?
No
Ford considered himself __________ in fiscal affairs, _____________ in domestic affairs, and ______________ in foreign affairs
Conservative, moderate, international
Ford _________ increase in defense spending
Supported
Ford ____________ Nixons detente policies
Continued
Ford looked to restructure the CIA, who did he appoint as the new head?
George Herbert Walker Bush
Who was the Republican candidate in the election of 1976?
Ford
Who was the democrat in the election of 1976?
Carter
Carter was a peanut farmer from what state?
Georgia
Why was jimmy carter popular?
People liked his down home approach
Jimmy carter was a supporter of _______ rights. He supported the Equal Rights Amendment and affirmative action
Human
This was the bright spot of Carter’s foreign policy
Presidential retreat in Camp David
What happened at Camp David?
Carter met with Egyptian and Israeli leaders to bring peace to the Middle East
Who was the Egyptian President?
Sadaat
Who was the Israeli Prime Minister?
Baagin
What did Carter accomplish at Camp David?
Deal that set the groundwork for eventual withdrawal of Israeli troops from Sinai in return for Egypt opening up the Suez Canal
This even signified the failure of Carter’s administration
Iran hostages
The taking of the Iran hostages was a result of what event?
Iranian revolution of 1979
Why was the shah of Iran in the US?
To receive medical treatment
Who led a revolt against the shah while he was I’m the US?
Ayatollah Khomenie
What did militants storm as a result of Carter’s refusal to return the shah?
US embassy of Tehran
Where did Carter focus naval forces to try to get the hostages back?
Indian Ocean
By April of 1980, carter authorized a __________
Rescue mission
Why was the mission called off?
Chaos, helicopters broke down, resulting in death of 8 crew members.
The failure of the rescue mission guaranteed what?
Carter would be a one term President
Who was the republican in the election of 1980?
Ronald Reagan
Who was the democrat in the election of 1980?
Jimmy Carter
Who easily won the election of 1989?
Ronald Reagan
What victory did Reagan begin his presidency with?
The hostages were freed
Carter spoke out strongly against the ________ and their repressive regime
Soviets
What country did the Soviets invade in December of 1979?
Afghanistan
What strategies did Carter try to get the Soviets out of Afghanistan
- restricted trade
- resumed peace time draft
- boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow
Afghanistan was the Soviet Unions _________
Vietnam
Who did the US give millions of dollars to to fight the Russians?
Osama Bin Laden
Where was the nuclear meltdown that happened during Carter’s presidency?
Three Mile Island Pennsylvania
Although there were no deaths or injuries from the three mile island incident, what were the consequences?
Stopped future construction of other nuclear power plants
The Winter Olympics in _________ helped revive US pride after the USS defeated a strong Soviet team in ice hockey
Lake Placid , New York
Who led the five men who broke into the watergate building?
James McCord
Nixons presidency was characterized by ___________
Paranoia
These were secret diagrams from the Vietnam War leaked to the New York Times
Pentagon Papers
Who leaked the Pentagon Papers?
Daniel Elsberg
Nixon created a group of his aides called the _________, to stop leaks and to dig up information about people unfriendly to the White House
Plumbers
Who did Nixon appoint to head CREEP?
Attorney General John Mitchell
In an attempt to get the south to like him more, he shifted ____________ responsibilities to the Supreme Court
Desegregation responsibilities
Nixon made the Supreme Court more ____________
Conservative
Nixon appointed moderate _____________ to the Supreme Court to replace Earl Warren
Warren Burger
Who was Nixon’s secretary of treasury?
John Conally
In order to be re-elected in 1972, Nixon had to win over __________ and ___________
Southern states, blue collar workers
What was John Mitchell’s plan to win the south?
- objection to south desegregation
- conservative court
After being sentenced to jail after watergate, ________ asked fore leniency, claiming he had been promised money and pardon from the White House
James McCord
The oil embargo ended after Kissinger negotiated an Israeli pullback in the ________
Sinai
What caused the second oil shock?
Iranian Revolution
The environmental movement let to restrictions on industry and the creation of the ___________________
Environmental Protection Agency
