chapter 0 Prologue recognition Flashcards

1
Q

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

A

Behaviorism

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2
Q

historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth

A

humanistic psychology

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3
Q

the inter-disciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

A

cognitive neuroscience

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4
Q

the science of behavior and mental processes

A

psychology

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5
Q

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

A

Nature-nurture issue

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6
Q

the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

A

natural selection

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7
Q

the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

A

levels of analysis

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8
Q

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

A

biopsychosocial approach

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9
Q

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

A

basic research

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10
Q

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

A

applied research

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11
Q

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.

A

counseling psychology

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12
Q

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.

A

clinical psychology

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13
Q

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.

A

psychiatry

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14
Q

the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive.

A

positive psychology

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15
Q

a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

A

community psychology

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16
Q

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply reading, information. Also sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning.

A

testing effect

17
Q

a study method incorporating five steps: survey, question, Read, Retrieve, Review.

A

SQ3R