chapter 15 psychological disorders recognition

Question 1

a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms; extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive.

Answer 1

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Question 2

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

Answer 2

psychological disorder

Question 3

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disordered, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.

Answer 3

medical model

Question 4

the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, with an update “text revision”; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

Answer 4

DSM-IV-TR

Question 5

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

Answer 5

anxiety disorders

Question 6

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Answer 6

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 7

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

Answer 7

panic disorder

Question 8

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.

Answer 8

phobia

Question 9

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

Answer 9

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Question 10

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jump anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

Answer 10

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 11

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.

Answer 11

Post-traumatic growth

Question 12

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.

Answer 12

mood disorder

Question 13

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods or diminished interest or pleasure in most activities, along with at least four other symptoms.

Answer 13

major depressive disorder

Question 14

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

Answer 14

mania

Question 15

a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopeless and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.)

Answer 15

bipolar disorder

Question 16

a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and behaviors.

Answer 16

schizophrenia

Question 17

a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions.

Answer 17

psychosis

Question 18

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.

Answer 18

delusions

Question 19

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Answer 19

dissociative disorders

Question 20

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.

Answer 20

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Question 21

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintain a starvation diet despite being significantly (15 percent or more) underweight.

Answer 21

anorexia nervosa

Question 22

an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), or by fasting

Answer 22

bulimia nervosa

Question 23

significant binge-eat episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting, that marks bulimia nervosa.

Answer 23

Binge-eating disorder

Question 24

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Answer 24

personality disorders

Question 25

a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

Answer 25

antisocial personality disorder