chapter 12 emotions stress and health recognition

Question 1

a response of the whole, involving (1) physiological, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.

Answer 1

emotion

Question 2

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.

Answer 2

James-Lange theory

Question 3

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.

Answer 3

Cannon-Bard theory

Question 4

the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.

Answer 4

Two-factor theory

Question 5

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness.

Answer 5

facial feedback effect

Question 6

emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

Answer 6

catharsis

Question 7

people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.

Answer 7

Feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Question 8

Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life.

Answer 8

subjective well-being

Question 9

our tendency to form judgments (of sounds of light, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience.

Answer 9

Adaptation-level phenomenon

Question 10

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself.

Answer 10

relative deprivation

Question 11

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three-alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

Answer 11

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Question 12

under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend).

Answer 12

tend and befriend

Question 13

literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches.

Answer 13

psychophysiological illness

Question 14

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.

Answer 14

psychoneuroimmunology

Question 15

the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign.

Answer 15

lymphocytes

Question 16

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries.

Answer 16

coronary heart disease

Question 17

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.

Answer 17

Type A

Question 18

Friedman and Rosenman’s term of easygoing, relaxed people.

Answer 18

Type B

Question 19

sustain exercise that increase heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety.

Answer 19

aerobic exercise

Question 20

as yet unproven health care treatments intended to supplement (complement) or serve as alternatives to conventional medicine, and which typically are not widely taught in medical schools, used in hospitals, or reimbursed by insurance companies. When research shows a therapy to safe and effective, it usually then becomes part of accepted medical practice.

Answer 20

complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)