Chapter 10 Intelligence recognition Flashcards

1
Q

Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

A

Intelligence

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2
Q

A method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.

A

Intelligence test

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3
Q

A general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.

A

General intelligence (g)

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4
Q

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score.

A

Factor analysis

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5
Q

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.

A

Savant syndrome

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6
Q

the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.

A

creativity

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7
Q

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.

A

emotional intelligence

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8
Q

a measure of intelligence test performed devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.

A

mental age

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9
Q

the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test.

A

Stanford-Binet

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10
Q

defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ=ma/ca x 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.

A

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

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11
Q

a test designed to assess what a person has learned.

A

achievement test

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12
Q

a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn.

A

aptitude test

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13
Q

the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.

A

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

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14
Q

defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.

A

Standardization

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15
Q

the symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes.

A

normal curve

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16
Q

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting.

A

reliability

17
Q

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what is supposed to.

A

validity

18
Q

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest.

A

content validity

19
Q

the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and

A

predictive validity

20
Q

a group of people from a given time period

A

cohort

21
Q

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.

A

crystallized intelligence

22
Q

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.

A

fluid intelligence

23
Q

a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound. (Formerly referred to as mental retardation.)

A

intellectual disability

24
Q

a condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.

A

down syndrome

25
Q

the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on that range of populations and environments studied.

A

heritability

26
Q

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.

A

stereotype threat