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Human Structure and Function I > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

The Human

1
Q

anatomy definition is the

A

study of body parts

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2
Q

ana means

A

up

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3
Q

tome means

A

to cut

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4
Q

physiology definition is

A

study of function/ activity of nature/ living matter

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5
Q

complementarity of structure and function is

A

how something is designed and is related to how it will function or work

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6
Q

small intestine structure includes

A

circular folds, villi, and microvilli

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7
Q

small intestine function is to

A

increase surface area

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8
Q

developmental anatomy is

A

structural changes that occur from conception to adulthood (life span)

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9
Q

embryology is

A

structural changes that occur un utero (fertilization to birth)

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10
Q

when is embryology

A

the first 8 weeks (embryo, then fetus)

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11
Q

gross anatomy is micro or macro scopic

A

both

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12
Q

macroscopic means seeing with the

A

naked eye

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13
Q

systemic anatomy is the

A

study body by systemic approach

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14
Q

regional anatomy is the

A

study of all structures in certain region of body

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15
Q

surface anatomy is

A

study of surface to examine internal structures, deeper in the body

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16
Q

microscopic anatomy is or is NOT seen with the naked eye

A

not

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17
Q

cytology is the

A

study of structural features of cells

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18
Q

histology is the

A

study of tissues

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19
Q

name three subdivisions of macroscopic anatomy

A

regional, surface, and systemic

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20
Q

name two subdivisions of microscopic anatomy

A

cytology and histology

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21
Q

tomographic anatomy is

A

medical imaging

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22
Q

pathologic anatomy is the

A

study and diagnosis of disease

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23
Q

what are the 6 organizational levels of anatomy

A
  1. chemical level
  2. cellular level
  3. tissue level
  4. organ level
  5. organ system level (11)
  6. organism
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24
Q

how many organ systems are there

A

11

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25
what is homeostasis
it is the maintenance of internal environment that keeps it relatively constant
26
how do you keep homeostasis within the normal range
by increasing and decreasing around set point
27
how is homeostasis regulated
by the feedback loops
28
what is negative feedback
see saw, stop response when response causes variable to return to set point
29
example of negative feedback loop
body temp regulation
30
what is positive feedback loop
continued response beyond a set point until original stimulus is removed
31
examples of positive feedback loop
blood clotting and child birth
32
anatomical position
stand erect, facing forward, arms hanging at side, palms forward
33
supine
is lying face upward
34
prone
lying face down
35
ipsilateral
stuructures lie on the same side of the body
36
contralateral
structures lie on the opposite side of the body
37
superior vs inferior
top vs bottom
38
anterior vs posterior
front vs back
39
vental vs dorsal
front vs back
40
proximal vs distal
top vs bottom to trunk of body
41
medial vs lateral
middle vs outside
42
name the regions top row, middle row, bottom right to left
right hypocondriac, epigastric, left hyocondriac right lumbar, umbillical, left lumbar right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
43
sagittal plane
cut left and right
44
midsagittal plane
divided into halves
45
parasagittal
divided into unequal left and right
46
transverse
divided into top and bottom
47
frontal (coronal)
divide into front and back
48
oblique plane
not a right angle to other plans, often used in medical imaging to see specialized structures
49
longitudinal section
cut through the length of an organ
50
transverse cross section
cut at right angle to length of an organ
51
what are the two body cavities
dorsal and ventral
52
dorsal body cavity consists of
cranial and vertebral which houses brain and spinal cord
53
ventral body cavity consists of
thoracic and abdominopelvic which houses lungs, heart, stomach, intestines, ureter, and gonads
54
what are serous membranes
double layered membranes that line the walls of body cavities and surface of internal organs
54
what is the largest cavity in the anterior view
ventral
54
what is the largest cavity in the posterior view
dorsal
55
visceral layer covers
the organ
56
parietal layer lines
the cavity wall
57
what layer is actually touching the actual organ
visceral
58
which layer is the inner and what is the outer
visceral is inner parietal is outer
59
when there is no fluid between the layers it will
hit, stick, rub, and cause pain causing inflammation
59
what is a cavity
space, filled with fluid, prevents rubbing of 2 layers
60
pleural cavity is the
lung
61
pericardial cavity is the
heart
62
retroperitoneum is the
posterior body wall
62
peritoneal cavity is the
internal organs
63
when infection occurs there could be
inflammation
64
pleurisy is
inflammation of the pleura
65
pericarditis is
inflammation of the pericardium
66
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
67
what is pericarditis
fluid accumulation in sac resulting in cardiac tamponade and results in death
68
what causes periicarditis
heart attack, malignancy encroachment, XRT, trauma
69
how do you treat peridcarditis
remove fluid

Human Structure and Function I (28 decks)

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