chapter 16 Flashcards by Julie DiMuccio

autonomic nervous system is part of the

motor division of the PNS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

subdivisions of the autonomic NS

sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does the autonomic NS do

maintains homeostasis by regulating unconscious activity: smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

constant response to change

ANS shunts blood to needy areas, increase or decrease HR, adjusts BP and temp and increases or decreases stomach secretions & role in sexual arousal and urinary functions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how many neurons are in somatic motor neurons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cell body is located in what division of the NS

CNS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the axon extends from CNS to

skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

neurotransmitter in somatic motor neurons=

acetylcholine and always excitatory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

autonomic motor neurons (how many)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the two types of autonomic neurons

preganglionic and postganglionic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

1st neuron in the series of autonomic motor

preganglionic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in the preganglionic neuron the axon extends to

autonomic ganglion and synapses with postganglionic neurons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

whats the neurotransmitter in the preganglionic neuron

Ach

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

whats the second neuron in the series

postganglionic neuron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cell body is where in the postganglionic neuron

autonomic ganglion in the pns

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the synapse area of the postganglionic neuron contains

cell bodies of motor neurons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the axon of the postganglionic neuron extends to

effector and synapse with target tissues

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system

sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

both the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervate the same

visceral organs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

innervating the same visceral organs=

opposite effects

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

one stimulates and the other does what in ANS

inhibits

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

fight or flight, activates when increased physical activity or stress

sympathetic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

rest and digest, activates when at rest

parasympathetic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the third subdivision of ANS

enteric

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

complex network of neuron cell bodies and axons within digestive tract walls

enteric

life threatening sitation would cause

fight or flight response

where is fight or flight response

thoracolumbar division of spinal cord (T1-L2), short preganglionic fibers

rapid hr/ force of contraction, elevated/deep RR, dry mouth, cold/sweaty skin, dilated pupils, sexual activity, reduces nonessential activity

fight or flight

2 types of sympathetic ganglia

sympathetic chain ganglia collateral ganglia

shunting of blood to skeletal muscles and heart

fight or flight

fight or flight dilates bronchioles which

increases oxygen delivery to cells

fight or flight stimulates liver to release

glucose into blood

what is part of the e division

exercise, excitement, emergency, embarrassed

where is sympathetic chain ganglia located

L and R sides of vertebrae

what else is the sympathetic chain ganglia also called

paravertebral ganglia

what does the sympathetic chain ganglia exit via (4)

spinal nerves sympathetic nerves splanchnic nerves adrenal gland medulla

to skin and skeletal muscles bvs

spinal nerves

to thoracic cavity

sympathetic nerves

sympathetic to collateral to effectors

splanchnic nerves

pass thru ganglia, synapse in medulla

adrenal gland medulla

unpaired ganglia in abdominopelvic cavity also called prevertebral ganglia

coollateral ganglia

thorocolumbar division of spinal cord, short preganglionic fibers is what division

sympathetic division

craniosacral divison of spinal cord is what divisioin

parasympathetic

does the parasympathetic division have short or long preganglionic fibres

long

what maintenance activities does the parasympathetic divison have

urination, defecation, digest food, lacrimal and salivary gland secretion

is there maximal or minimal body energy used in para

minimal

what does the para divison conserve and store

energy

d divisoin in para includes

digestion, diuresis, defecation

nerve plexuses in digestive tract wall (visceral) is what division

enteric

3 sources for enteric is

1. sensory neurons from digestive tract to CNS 2. ANS motor neurons connect CNS to digestive tract 3. enteric neurons in enteric plexuses

what detects changes in chemical contents of digestion or detect stretch of digestive tract wall

enteric sensory neurons

connect sensory to motor in enertic division is

enteric interneurons

what neuron secretes ACh

cholinergic

where does cholinergic neurons secrete ACh from

ALL ANS preganglionic axons all parasympathetic postganflionic axons postganglionic axon innervating eccrine sweat glands

what neuron secretes NE

andrenergic

where does andrenogic neuron secrete NE from

most postganglionic sympathetic axons

what do cholinergic receptors and the ACh bind

nicotine receptors muscarinic receptors

what do adrenergic receptors and both NE and epinephrine binds

alpha and beta receptors

PM of all postganglionic neurons is what receptor

nicotine receptor

Sarcolemma of Skeletal Muscle Cells in what and is what receptor

NM Junction (somatic) nicotine

PM of Adrenal Medulla Hormone producing what? in what receptor

cells nicotine

what receptor is always excitatory

nicotine

what responds to mushroom posion

muscarinic receptors

PM of Effector Cells where ACh released from Postganglionic Neurons is what receptor

muscarinic

when Binds to Cardiac muscle =

inhibitory

when Binds to Stomach smooth muscle cells =

excitatory

PM of Effectors innervated by what and what receptor

sympathetic ns adrenergic

Stimulate Directly by NS in Synapse or by Adrenal Gland release into blood, bind to receptors on PM of cells

NOT involved with Synapses

are adrenergic receptors excitatory or inhibitory

both

subtypes of adrenergic receptors

alpha 1 alpha 2 beta 1 beta 2 beta 3

= BV’s & Sympathetic Target organs. Constricts BV, Dilates Pupils

alpha 1

Heart, Kidneys; Increase HR, Release Renin / Increase BP

beta 1

Pancreas, Platelets; Inhibits Insulin release, Blood clotting

alpha 2

Adipose; Stimulates Lipolysis

beta 3

Lungs, Sympathetic target Organs, Dilates BV & Bronchioles

beta 2

4 functional generalizations of ANS

Stimulatory vs Inhibitory Effects Opposite Effects Cooperative Effects General vs Localized Effects

Work together = PNS initiates Penile erection SNS stimulates Semen secretion & initiates ejaculation

Cooperative Effects

Dual Innervation. Increased or Decreased Activity

Opposite Effects

SNS (Activity) vs PNS (Rest); BOTH

Stimulatory vs Inhibitory Effects

several areas of body involved

general

Only specific body region

local

= More general effect, Secretion of Epi & NE Stimulates effectors throughout the body

sympathetic

elevated BP

hypertension

hypertension is due too and is a response too

overactive sympathetic vasoconstrictor and is a response to a continuous high levels of stress

treatment for hypertension

Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Drugs (Metoprolol) (Blocks SNS effects on CV System)

hypertension is serious as forces heart to work harder and causes

heart decrease and increases wear and tear on arterial walls

what age does raynauds affect

15-30 females

raynauds is shunting of blood into

torso

what does raynauds cause in skin

turns red, white, blue

how is raynauds provoked

cold or emotional stress

raynauds leads to pain and may cause

ischemia and gangrene

how do you treat raynauds

avoid cold quit smoking caffeine vasodilators calcium channel blockers

what is reflex sympathetic dystrophy

chronic condition charactertized by severe burning pain

what does RDSD usually affect

extremitities

does RSDS affect women or men more

women and sometimes kids

usually what age does RSDS affect

30-60

what are pathological changes in bone and skin for RSDS

xs sweating xs sensitivity to touch change in skin temp change in color change in skin texture change in nail and hair growth tissue swelling and stiffness motor disability

causes for RSDS

unknown etiology could be due to SNS dysfunction

when does RSDS usually occur

post-truama to extremities

what is RSDS triggered by

sprain, fracture, surgery, damage to bs and nerve stroke or myocardial infarcation

is there a cure for RSDS

treatment for RSDS

Physical Therapy /Psychotherapy Medications - OTC Analgesia, Anesthetic Creams, Antidepressants, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-seizure, Nasal Spray (Bone loss) Corticosteroids, Opioids (Morphine pump) Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Unit, Nerve Block Injections Surgery (Sympathectomy)

what happens without treatment for RSDS

permanent deformity chronic pain and psychological issues