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Human Structure and Function I > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

Chapter 8

1
Q

areas where 2 or more joints meet

A

joint

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2
Q

2 functions of joints and articulations

A

skeletal mobility and hold skeleton together

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3
Q

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

A

structural

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4
Q

synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, diarthrotic

A

functional

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5
Q

largest, most complex joint in body

A

knee joint

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6
Q

what joint puts the patella and lower femur together

A

femoropatellar joint

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7
Q

lateral and medial joints= formoral condyles and menisci

A

tibiofemoral

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8
Q

3 broad ligaments in the knee anchor

A

patella to tibia

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9
Q

patellar ligament to

A

tibial tuberosity

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10
Q

medial and lateral patellar retinacula keep

A

patella centered

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11
Q

what is a modified hinge joint

A

knee joint

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12
Q

the knee join is prefominantly supproted by

A

soft tissues with minimal strucutural support

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13
Q

joint reinforcement by 4 ligaments are

A

extracapsular and intracapsular

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14
Q

collateral

A

extracapsular

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15
Q

cruciate

A

intracapsular

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16
Q

connects tibia to femur on medial knee attached to medial meniscus

A

medial collateral ligament

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17
Q

connects fibula to femur on lateral knee

A

lateral collateral ligament

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18
Q

connects anterior tibia to posterior femur

A

anterior cruciate ligament

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19
Q

connects posterior tibia to mid femur

A

posterior cruciate ligament

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20
Q

unable to prevent forward movement of tibia on femur

A

acl check= drawer sign

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21
Q

click sound when extend leg. severe damage= torn caritlage can between be between articulating tibia and femur surfaces and knee locks in partial flexion

A

torn meniscus

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22
Q

knee anterior movement/ hyperextended

A

acl tear

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23
Q

knee posterior movement

A

pcl tear

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24
Q

how to fix knee injury

A

surgery with cadaver or artificial ligament

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25
lateral force. knee bends in, tearing opposite side of joint. acl, mcl, medial meniscus
unhappy triad
26
flattened sacs, lined by synovial membrane, prevents friction
bursa
27
fibrocartialge, separates articulating bone surfaces, subdivides synovial cavity
meniscus
28
elongated bursa, crowded tendons. wraps around tendon, prevents xs friction
tendon sheath
29
unite bones and direct movement. prevent xs movement
ligaments
30
keeps tendons taut and stabilizes. low contractile activity in relaxed muscles
muscle tone
31
torn or stretched Ligaments that reinforce joint (Ankle), Pain & Swelling Partial tear self repair. Slow to heal, due to Poor Vascularization.
sprain
32
Pulled Muscle. Injury to Muscle / Tendon via Stretch or Overexertion.
strain
33
Joint out of Socket, Inflammation. Need to Reduce. Splint or Cast.
dislocation
34
Inflammation of Bursa. Due to Overuse or Injury.
bursitis
35
Inflammation of Tendon Sheaths. Due to Overuse
tendonitis
36
treatment for joint disorders
RICE = Rest Ice Compression Elevation Pain Relievers, Physical Therapy, Stretch.
37
what is the most widespread crippling disease in US
arthritis
38
due to bacteria infection, treat antibiotics
acute form
39
OA, RA, gout
chronic forms
40
most common chronic type of arthritis
osteoarthritis
41
risk factors for osteoarthritis
obesity and genetic
42
in osteoarthritis non-inflammation, pain and swelling of
soft tissues at joint
43
in osteoarthritis there is a gradual breakdown of
articular cartilage, and is irreversible
44
bone spurs is
osteophytes
45
treatment for osteoarthritis
medications to decrease swelling and pain PT surgery to fuse bones prosthetic joint replacement
46
2nd most common type og arthritis
rheumatoid
47
for rheumatoid arthritis is more common in male or female
3x more common in females
48
what does rheumatoid arthritis affect
skin, vessels, lungs, joints, anemia, osteoporosis, CV issues, muscles weak
49
risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis
genetic predisposition
50
transient infection/ autoimmune disease targeting collagen
idiopathic etiology
51
rheumatoid arthritis is proliferation of
synovial fluid and CT cells, which thickens joint capsule and destroys articular cartilage
52
uric acid is
normal waste product of nucleic acid metabolism
53
urate crystals form large nodules in joints, bone, cartilage
tophi
54
untreated gout results in
joint destruction, bone ends fuse and immobility
55
treatment for gout
antiinflammatory meds: cochicine, steroids allopurinol probenecid
56
prevention of gout
increased water consumption lose weight exercise avoid diuretics and alc avoid high purine containing nucleic acid foods
57
immovable end of bone
origin
58
movable end
insertion
59
as muscles contract across joint and ends are drawn closer together
movement
60
3 types of synovial movement
1. gliding 2. angular 3. circular
61
simplest, in plane joints, such as carpal bones, slide or glide
gliding
62
Change in Angles between Bones at Joint. Increase or Decrease angle. Trunk/Limb bends in relation to another Body Part
angular
63
Rotation around Axis in Circular Pattern
circular
64
Not fit into other Categories
special movements
65
Named for Individual Movements.
combination movements
66
Decrease in joint angle, Bones closer together.
flexion
67
More than 180 degrees. Can be normal or not.
hyperextension
68
Increase in joint angle, Bones straighten.
extension
69
Point toes, Ballerina
plantar flexion
70
Walk on Heels
dorsiflexion
71
Movement away from Midline
abduction
72
Movement toward Midline
adduction
73
Rotates on Long Axis
rotation
74
Combination, Flex, extend, Ab & Adduction. Freely movable. Movement in Arc. Cone shape, Big circles.
circumduction
75
Forearm rotation. Prone – facedown, Palm down Ulna & Radius cross..
pronation
76
Forearm rotation. Supine – faceup, Palm up. Ulna & Radius parallel.
supination
77
Raise superiorly
elevation
78
Drop inferiorly
depression
79
Glide anteriorly, Jaw forward.
protraction
80
Gliding posteriorly, Jaw retracts.
retraction
81
Move mandible away from midline.
lateral excursion
82
back to midline
medial
83
Plantar surface faces midline
inversion
84
Plantar surface faces away from midline
eversion
85
UNIQUE. Touch thumb to other fingertips on SAME Hand. OK Sign. Grasp & Manipulate objects.
opposition
86
Returns thumb to neutral, anatomical position.
reposition

Human Structure and Function I (28 decks)

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